cried. >> good night and god bless all of you. >> but i think it lifted a lot from his shoulders. and ehe said i did the best i could. it was very hard. very, very hard. >> in terms of politics, it's a long time. a lot can happen. >> the next president of the united states. hubert humphrey. >> richard nixon. >> this campaign train is on a life or death mission. >> columbia university, students barricade university buildings. >> the students push forward and the police push back. >> washington, chicago, detroit, new york, racial confrontations. >> mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the lord!

♪ you say you want a revolution ♪ ♪ well you know ♪ we all want to change the world ♪ >> we are trading full time jobs for part time income ♪ >> revolution ♪ ♪ >> i know nonviolence will work. ♪ we want to change the world >> is this what you want to do? destroy the world? ♪ when you talk about destruction ♪ >> the american embassy is under siege. ♪ all right

>> we are planning new marches -- >> i know where we are, stay alive day to day. >> i will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president. >> no question about it, this was a bombshell politically. >> i think it will be a good thing for the party. >> we want to deal with our own problems within our own party and we want peace in vietnam. ♪ >> those who got out of hand the other day -- >> chaos has broken out. >> have now talked with sufficiently to guarantee that nothing will take place in terms of violence. i feel that we can still have a nonviolent demonstration and we will have a nonviolent

demonstration in memphis. we will not be stopped by mace or injunctions or anything else they plan to use and i think they're making a grave mistake. this will bring much more to the movement. >> there had been violence the last time they marched so king comes back to prove that he can lead a peaceful demonstration. >> we feel this is something we have to do. the nation needs it. the movement needs it. above all, the poor people of our country need a dramatic movement. >> there is a noticeable change in the mood in memphis. people are concerned and king gives a speech to galvanize supporters. >> all we say to america is be true to what you said on paper. >> there is an injunction against marching. but king is very, very definal in that speech. he's saying they're going to march. >> somewhere i read of the freedom of assembly.

somewhere i read of the freedom of speech. somewhere i read that the greatness of america is the right to protest for rights. we've got some difficult days ahead. but it doesn't matter with me now. i've been to the mountain top. i've seen the promise land. i may not get there with you. but i want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the promise land. the next day, we had

breakfast, all of us together. talking about the next march. >> toward the end of the day, dr. king is out on the balcony and he sees jesse down there, and james and all of a sudden, there was a bolt. >> they were shot as they were running. >> okay. thank you. advising, king has been shot. >> we heard what sounded like a bike noise. a real loud shot. we heard somebody. oh, lord. i turned around. i went back to where he was. he had fallen backwards. >> police put out a bulletin for a young white man who police saw flee immediately after the shooting. >> god knows, this is the most tragic thing that has ever happened in my life. >> he was so certain and so

powerful. i remember him saying, back up, back up. my dearest friend has been shot. we went to the phone and called mrs. king. mrs. king, dr. king has been shot. i couldn't say what i saw. >> his wife was notified in atlanta tonight. told only that he had been shot in the shoulder to spare her any further concern and alarm as she flew back to memphis. whether she has arrived there or not, we have not been advised. >> that is the night that rob kennedy gave what is one of the more remarkable speeches any politician has ever given. >> ladies and gentlemen, i have some very sad news for all of you. and i think for all of our fellow citizens. and people who love peace all over the world.

and that is that martin luther king was shot and killed tonight. >> the city was on fire. >> washington, chicago, detroit, boston, new york, these are just a few of the cities in which the negro anguish expressed itself in destruction. ♪

♪ >> for my parents' generation, king was the dream and then he was gone. they were mourning the loss of the man but what they represented for them and what they hoped he would be able to achieve for their children. >> we've lost something and we feel it deeply. we feel it. >> i don't think americans should mourn martin luther king. i think they should mourn themselves.

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the 40th annual academy awards show. >> good evening. ladies and gentlemen, last monday was the 40th anniversary of the academy awards. >> the academy awards were moved because of martin luther king's assassination. >> this has been a fateful week in the history of our nation. we join with men of good will everywhere in paying our profound almosts to the memory of dr. martin luther king jr.

it was his work that brought about the increasing awareness of all men, that we must unite in compassion in order to survive. >> the best picture nominees were general winly influential movies like bonnie and clyde, the graduate, guess who is coming to dinner, and in the heat of the night, both trying to address religion and race religions. >> what do they call you there? >> they call me mr. tibbs. >> in the heat of the night, sydney poitier was playing a black man who was strong, who was smart, decisive. the movie takes place in the deep south. >> let me understand this. you two came here to question me? >> we were just trying to

clarify some of the evidence. was mr. couple bert in this greenhouse, last night, about midnight? >> this is 1968. you dome have black men hitting white men in movies and living to tell the tale. and he does. >> there was a time when i could have had you shot. >> sydney poitier completely holds his own. not just the actor but the character. virgil tibbs. it's a murder mystery but also about the way america is starting to change. >> the winner is "in the heat of the night." in south vietnam today, about 20,000 troops are pushing through on the ground. the outpost held by 5,000

marines and now accessible by air. >> tons of ammunition and supplies to be parachuted to the marines tomorrow. >> have you been here two and a half months since the heavy shellings carried on? >> we got hit the 21. it's been a long two and a half months. >> president johnson was absolutely determined to hold the marine base at all costs. >> more than 200 marines have died here. 800 seriously wounded. >> there was never the large clashing of forces that they expected but the marines a brutal onslaught. >> in the spring of '68, you have the most violent period of the entire war. the united states ramped up military force, ramps up air strikes before the 500 americans are being killed. and the back drop for all this is the draft. >> no one knows when peace will

come. so for everyone facing the draft, it is not an easy time to be a young man in america. >> i feel every american citizen has an obligation to his country. >> i don't see us serving in the armed forces as meaningful in any way. >> the draft is really mobilized young people. how many different ways can you say hell no, we won't go? ♪ there is a voice >> my name is chris brown. >> michael dover. new york city. >> so far since the draft resistance movement began, between 2,000 and 3,000 young men have burned their draft cards or returned they will to the federal government. another 4,000 to 6,000 have fled to canada to avoid the draft. >> it is just another exam of american youth saying to adults, your values are not my values.

>> the mantra of that generation is that you don't have to believe anything that your parents told you. because look what they got us into in vietnam. you had a generation willing to question authority. >> we had a feeling of us against them. us against the government. >> against the merge military. the song, i ain't marching anymore. >> phil ochs had a song that said it's always the old to lead us to the wars. it's always the young to fall. we were aware of all that. why would they send us somewhere and make us kill somebody? we're not going to do that. so we sang anti-war songs. ♪ i know you'll go to heaven,

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it shows in the racial hatred in this country. it shows in this very moment, five him,000 of our friends and our brothers are killing and dying in a jungle 10,000 miles

away. and it shows the cards we all carry in our pockets. i'm finished. i'm a free man today. >> by 1968, colleges were kind of the front line place where much of the protest of this period plays out. >> you saw that creation, students for a democratic society which organized activists, college campus by college campus. >> in the spring of 1968, i found myself the chairman of the columbia chapter of the students for democratic society. >> we are interested in columbia. we would like to change it. to make it free of these racist elements. >> the central issue was columbia expanding into black neighborhoods and destroying them to build more of columbia. >> also, columbia was involved in secret research for war strategists. we felt it was our duty to stop it. the war research was symbolic of

the war itself. the expansion of harlem we called institutional racism. >> on i am a 23rd, there was a rally call and all. these students showed up. and it turned out to be a huge crowd. >> it became like a spontaneous mob and we ended up occupying the main classroom building. >> at columbia university, students barricade themselves in the buildings. their leader is a 20-year-old exboy scout. >> one way to keep going is by building the strike. >> the task was to keep topping yourself. to keep taking more and more risk. >> the student demands, no more

military research. no more construction on land in harlem and no punishment for occupying the buildings. >> people elementary school in sleeping bags, on the floor. and we were constantly brought supplies and tossed them up to the windows. within a couple days we were occupying five buildings. nobody could go to classes. >> we hope very much that some settlement can be worked out which does not require calling on police assistance. >> he was under enormous pressure and he wanted to end this thing. to bring back order. >> okay, people. none of us will begin in violence. if there is violence, it will be because of the police. gentlemen, show them. >> he makes what he calls a painful decision and invites in

the police. >> the police came in on some kind of rampage. >> police brought out the students who were holding about five buildings for the past few days. what everyone feared took place. >> we stood in front of low library with our arms locked, faculty and students singing we shall overcome, we shall not be moved. >> you have a little blood on your face? >> i think i was hit with a club. >> they grabbed him by the neck and smashed his face into a chair. >> could i never again trust this administration. i could never again trust them.

if they didn't understand the kind of brutality that would be used on this campus, they should. >> young people were being frakd everywhere. the united states injested the violence of vietnam. if there was death in vietnam, there was going to be death in america. >> in all, 696 arrests were made. most of the injuries occurred outside the buildings. >> there was this tide moving across the country. cities were bushld to the ground. a voice was being raised by way of social conscience and demonstration. and it was an angry voice. the revolution was televised and it was televised live. >> disent is a necessary ingredient of change. it provides for peaceful change, there is no call that justifies

a resort to violence. let us recognize the first civil right of every american is to be free from domestic violence. i pledge to you, we shall have order in the united states. >> in 1968, richard nixon comes up with the phrase, the silent central. >> there are millions of people who do not demonstrate. this is the silent center. >> what that referred to was how the media was holding up these young student insurgents as the paragons of morality. and richard nixon understood as no one else did, that made the people working hard behind their picket fences, feel silenced. >> the message was extremely effective. we were sailinger is 18ly on a calm sea. >> this water shed year, 1968, at a time when america has never been in more trouble than at

home and abroad, there is nothing wrong with this country that new leadership cannot cure. and we promise that leadership. >> in the next minute

. this very large crowd of

students has come to beat far mccarthy in south bend, indiana. >> mccarthy has proven himself as the genuine voice of the anti-war movement. so rob kennedy has to demonstrate how he could be superior, not simply an alternative to eugene mccarthy. >> you may recall, at least i do. you may know. in the early days it was general regret that someone better than i had not offered himself. >> mccarthy and bobby kennedy were not pals. mccarthy had a biting wit. >> i had suffered some of the same regrets. i home there was someone better. i couldn't name him right off hand at the time. >> my father didn't like mccarthy. he thought mccarthy was -- he couldn't picture him at a cuban missile crisis. >> ug 18 mccarthy was the peace

candidate. kennedy had a broader vision in terms of what's happening. in the cities, what's happening around race and the issues of poverty. >> we cannot separate ourselves no matter where we live. from the problems and the troubles and the difficult business face the whole of the united states. ladies and gentlemen, the vice president and the next president of the united states, hubert h. humphrey. >> i shall seek the nomination of the democratic party -- [ cheers and applause ] >> when humphrey came in as a candidate, he was regarded as a johnson surrogate -- >> i will run on the record of the johnson humphrey administration but i will not rest on it. >> it was very clear that johnson controlled the party. >> president johnson will do what he can to help humphrey win the nomination and to see that

rob kennedy does not get it. >> it wasn't necessarily determined by the primers. it would be nominated by the people who could control it. that was lyndon johnson and his political machine. it was vice president hubert humphrey who would be the beneficiary. >> nevertheless, if mccarthy-kennedy amassed enough delegates through the primary process, they might be able to put pressure on the democratic machinery. >> in the may 7 primary, it is critical to demonstrate to party leaders across the country that he's the one candidate who can win big. >> therefore very likely who will be the next president of the united states. >> mccarthy couldn't get any black vote. bobby kennedy managed to get black vote at all so get a lot of the established democrats. so his support looked very broad. >> senator rob kennedy has won

the first primary test in his attempt to secure the democratic nomination for the presidency. >> my father really focused on the people in this country, his appeal was to really the most disenfranchised classes. people lived in appalachian, blacks lived in the dealt a, people there harlem watts, oakland. and of course the farm workers. very similar to martin luther king focusing on the floor and working people. >> in the aftermath of dr. king's assassination, it is coretta scott king who has the legacy of her husband to draw upon to make the case that change was needed now. >> my husband always said, if anything happened to him, to carry on his work for his people. >> coretta was always an activist. she continued to be outspoken to

make the point that you can kill my husband, but this movement will go on. >> we have seen the power of nonviolence in the movement for civil rights. the campaign for the poor must go on. >> king's notion was to try to put pressure on congress to do something about the issue of poverty. he was proposing to use modern terms. an occupy movement on the national mall. not for a day or two but to stay. >> i declare this could be the site of the new city. city usa. >> as dr. king had dreamed, they built a shanty town to expose the nation's shale. it sits alongside the reflecting pool. >> we come for one purpose and we don't intend to leave here until we acquire what we came

for. >> this is a cbs news special report. peace talks in paris. the very first step. >> the very first step did begin today in paris. it was about as small as it could be. all the problems attendant to a meeting of sovereign end ms. were present. who sits where, what language do you talk in, what do you agree to argue about. >> there were tremendous expectations on the merge side about these talks. when the delegation first arrived, they just took hotel rooms. they thought, this is only going to be a few weeks and then we'll get a negotiated settlement. >> the president is disappointed the north vietnamese were unwilling to discuss anything of substance. >> then after a while they had to rental apartments because would it drag on a lot longer than they thought. >> it is now in its six day.

they are reminding them they must have a seat at the conference table when it is discussed. >>. in democratic primary that could mean so much to the hopes, it is too close. senator kennedy did make cheer over the weekend that the outcome in oregon he felt was crucial to his hopes of the nomination. >> i can't lose. i can't afford to lose if i'm going to remain a very viable candidate. >> oregon was just as bad a state as you can imagine. very few minorities, very suburban, middle class, progressive but kind of polite. he never flipped there. >> oregon was a mccarthy victory. we were certainly feeling euphoric that night. >> every wagoning train got as

far as the missouri river. the real test began when you started across missouri and up the oregon trail. now of course we're on to california. >> a shock wave is spreading slowly through this kennedy election headquarters. the only word adequate to describe the result appears to be catastrophic. >> kennedy had lost, something that doesn't get talked about nearly enough. bobby's humor. >> based on the return, i'm taking an entirely new look at my campaign is in order. which i've done and i've decided to spend time dog paddling home. aah, not really. he's coming with me. >> the oregon primary was the first time a kennedy has ever lost an election. bobby kennedy knew he had to go into california and he had to win.

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. this campaign train is on a life or death mission. robert kennedy's fate as a presidential candidate now hangs on the outcome of the california primary. the crowds have been going this memorial day and the sun drenched san joaquin valley. >> bobby kennedy having lost oregon knew he had to win california. that would be his convention. >> after the satisfied prosperity of oregon which failed to respond to kennedy's approach, the senator is again turned on. >> he was a rock star. it gave him a kind of courage and power to keep going. >> part the job, they grabbed their arms around his legs so he wouldn't get pulled by his admirers. >> he campaigns so hard that his hand is goaleswollen.

he loses his voice. >> i will work with you. give me your hands! >> abc news presents race to the white house is. complete election coverage 1968. tonight the california primary in the golden state. >> an hour and a half after the polls have closed in california, the biggest primary of them all, a slate of delegates pledged to senator eugene mccarthy has established an early lead to senator rob kennedy. >> on the last day, the early returns were not good. bobby kind of sat nervous like a little boy. worrying. >> los angeles won't be until 10:00. >> the returns got better. and bobbly was reassured that he

had a fighting chance. >> with almost a quarter of the precincts reporting in now, kennedy does lead with 44% of the votes. >> whoever gets a plurality gets all of california's delegates. >> if mccarthy loses, what happens to your political life? >> well, i guess i'll have to vet for kennedy. >> kennedy, 48%. senator mccarthy, 41%. >> in what i considered to be the most poignant moment of the entire year after the winning result has come in and before bobby kennedy goes to declare victory, he turns to one of the oldest kennedy retainers and says, i feel for the first time that i've made it on my own. i feel that i'm finally out of the shadow of my brother.

>> thank you very much. >> i want to express my gratitude to my dog freckles. franklin roosevelt said, i don't care what they say about me. when they start to attack my dog -- i'm not doing this in the order of importance but i also want to thank my wife. >> it was tremendously exciting. because for some time now, it had been building toward this moment. getting an anti-war person in the white house. and now, it's really going to happen. >> my thanks to all of you. and now to chicago and let's win there. >> on to chicago and let's win there. right?

i can still hear him saying it. >> his aides wanted to rush to a press conference. the press is waiting. they want him to give a statement sow they take him through a shortcut, through the kitchen. and that's where sirhan sirhan was waiting for him. >> is that possible? is that possible? >> senator kennedy -- oh, my god. senator kennedy has been shot. >> ladies and gentlemen, we've kept the air on because we've heard an alarming report that rob kennedy was shot in that ballroom at the ambassador hotel in los angeles. a very loud noise like a clam of thunder -- >> the great irony is through all the crowds and tumult, it was trying to avoid crowds that took him through that kitchen.

>> look out for the gun! >> hold him! we don't want another oswalt. >> please stay back. >> is there a doctor in the house? please, it's very important. we need a doctor. is there a doctor? >> please leave the room. would you please leave the room. >> we cannot get medical aid to the senator. now would you please -- >> proceed to the exits. are there doctors in the house? >> after he's shot, he says to eth ethel, how bad is it, and then he says to the ambulance attendant who comes in, please

don't lift me. and those are his last words before he goes into a there was very much the sentiment, how much is too much to take? >> robert kennedy is now undergoing a neuro surgical operation. he is said to be in very critical condition. >> senator robert francis kennedy died at 1:44 a.m. today,

june 6th, 1968. he was 42 years old. for the sweaty faces,

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this was really the death of hope, a loss of belief in the entire system. >> to be remembered simply as a good and decent man who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it.

those of us who loved him had to take him to his rest today, pray that what he was to us, what he wished for others will some day come to pass for all the world. >> well, i feel almost like hiding my face as an american that something like this could actually happen. >> i think we have a little too much violence in this country. >> they go after the good men like john kennedy, robert kennedy and martin luther king. >> like lincoln long before, bobby kennedy's body was taken in a train. it was a hot, humid, awful day, and the country mourned. they turned out all along those

old pennsylvania railroad tracks between new york and washington as that funeral train slowly made its way down to arlington cemetery. >> i'm heart broken. i think it is a terrible waste of a good man. >> it hurts me so bad to see him go. >> he stood for everybody, him and his brother. and what they tried to accomplish, it is just a shame how they just shot him down. >> more was being mourned than the shock and tragedy of another kennedy assassination. what was being mourned was a vision for what 1968 was going to be. >> the following is a special report from cbs news in washington. the poor people's rally. >> for the past six weeks, resurrection city has hung on through unprecedented rain fall and a dwindling population. >> the poor people's campaign

finally addressed racial injustice in the united states. but ends up a tragic disappointment. it is one of the rainiest months in the nation's capital. they are living under deplorable conditions. >> many of the poor who came see their high hopes trickle away in disallusionment. the campaign is at a virtual standsti standstill. >> there appears to be a kind of insensitivity to our demands on the part of the congressmen. >> they were completely taken aback by the response of legislatures, many of whom were not moved by this spectacle. >> there is negotiations for them to leave peacefully. they say, no, they're going to continue. so the authorities come and swoop everybody out.

>> the poor people like myself and other poor people, they can't get no kind of help from nobody. look at mr. kennedy. look at king. he was crying to only help the poor. he died. kennedy was going to help the poor, and they didn't give him a chance. they killed him. but there is one thing they have forgotten. king had a dream. they killed the dreamer, but you couldn't kill the dream. >> but late spring of 1968, a lot of americans believed that things can't get any worse, but in many ways we had some foreboding about what was

coming. >> come to order. >> did we come all this way for this? >> george wallace audience's growing in size and emotional outbursts. >> political pigs, your days are numbered. >> troops arriving in chicago in substantial numbers. >> there is a really big fray going on here. >> this is the mood of this convention on the floor. >> thousands of young people are being beaten in the streets of chicago. ♪ ♪