william: good evening. i'm william brangham. geoff bennett and amna nawaz are away. on the “newshour” tonight, disgraced cryptocurrency mogul sam bankman-fried is sentenced to 25 years in prison for defrauding investors. then, the sister of the american journalist jailed in russia for a year speaks out about his detention. >> we have no other choice.

we have to keep going. we have to stay positive, optimistic, and i know we're going to get him home. william: and the legacy and impact of the late connecticut senator and vice presidential nominee joe lieberman. ♪ >> major funding for the "pbs newshour" has been provided by. ♪ >> moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf. the engine that connects us.

>> the kendeda fund, committed to advancing restorative justice and meaningful work through investments in transformative leaders and ideas. more at kendedafund.org. carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security, at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions.

this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. william: welcome to the “newshour.” huge barges are carrying cranes to baltimore tonight to clear away the wreckage of the francis scott key bridge. officials say that has to happen before divers can locate the bodies of the four maintenance workers still missing. two others have been recovered. today, the collapsed bridge, and the container ship that struck it, still blocked access to the port. maryland's governor asked for $60 million in federal funding to start the clean-up. >> the best minds in the world are coming together to collect the information that we need to move forward with speed and safety in our response to this collapse. government is working hand-in-hand with industry to investigate the area, to clear the wreck, and to move the ship. william: president biden has

pledged the federal government will cover the full cost of reconstruction. the u.n.'s top court ordered israel today to open more land crossings into gaza, to allow in more food, water, and other aid. the legally binding order arose from a south african lawsuit accusing israel of genocide. meanwhile, israeli air strikes in lebanon killed 16 people on wednesday. one israeli was killed by hezbollah rockets. it was the deadliest day in five months of border clashes. russian investigators have arrested a twelfth suspect in the moscow concert attack. they also claimed today the attackers were financed by ukrainian nationalists, but gave no evidence. gunmen opened fire and set off explosives at the site near moscow last friday. the building burned, and at least 143 people died. the islamic state group claimed again today that it carried out the attack. russia used its veto today to

end 14 years of the u.n. monitoring sanctions on north korea's nuclear program. the russians insisted they haven't worked. the u.s. charged moscow is hiding its own violations of those sanctions, as it buys north korean weapons to use against ukraine. the vote in the security council would have extended the monitoring effort for another year. american diplomats vowed to press on. >> moscow has undermined the prospect of a peaceful diplomatic resolution of one of the world's most dangerous nuclear proliferation issues. russia, you silenced the panel of experts today, but you will never silence those of us who stand in support of the global nonproliferation regime. william: the north korean sanctions themselves remain in place, but there will be no way to check how effective they are. russian president vladimir putin is warning the war in ukraine could expand if f-16 fighter jets from the west get involved.

putin spoke as he toured a helicopter base. he said ukraine's new jet fighters won't matter, and even if they're based in neighboring states, they could still be attacked. >> first, if they do supply f-16's, this will not change the situation on the battlefield. of course, if they are used from airfields in third countries, they become legitimate targets for us, wherever they might be located. william: multiple countries have agreed to send the american-made jets to ukraine. back in this country, former president trump attended the wake for a new york city policeman, as his campaign focuses on violent crime. mr. trump visited massapequa, new york, where the wake for officer jonathan diller took place. he was fatally shot during a traffic stop this week. meanwhile, biden campaign officials say a fundraiser in new york tonight will take in a record $25 million. president biden traveled to the city today with former president obama. they'll be joined by former president clinton for tonight's

event at radio city music hall. the federal government is changing how it categorizes race and ethnicity for the first time in 27 years. today's announcement says government forms will combine the categories into one question, with the option to check multiple boxes. a new middle eastern and north african category will also be added. the goal is to get more accurate, insightful data. the biden administration today re-instated certain rules to protect threatened species of plants and animals that had been rescinded by the trump administration in 2019. the regulations mandate blanket protections for newly classified species, and officials won't have to consider economic impacts when deciding if a species needs protection. environmental groups had urged the administration to rescind all the 2019 changes. and on wall street, stocks edged higher again to finish a strong quarter. the dow jones industrial average

gained 47 points to close at 39,807. the nasdaq fell 20 points. the s&p 500 added five. still to come on the “newshour”" cuban musicians struggle to navigate the constantly-shifting diplomatic relations with the u.s. a new book chronicles the long fight for women's economic empowerment. and major league baseball begins a new season with a controversy over uniforms. >> this is the "pbs newshour" from weta studios in washington and in the west from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. william: the former ftx crypto currency mogul sam bankman-fried was sentenced to 25 years in prison today for what prosecutors said was one of the biggest financial crimes in u.s. history. a judge handed down that sentence after a jury this fall

found bankman-fried guilty of seven different counts relating to fraud and money laundering. bankman-fried was found to have stolen at least $8 billion from ftx customers. he was also ordered to pay $11 billion today. bankman-fried has said he will appeal. for a closer look at this case, i'm joined by david yaffe-bellany. he's covered this saga for years for the new york times. david, thank you so much for being here. you were in the courtroom today when that sentence was handed down. i wonder, what stood out to you the most from the judge's sentence? david: i think what i was struck by the most with some of the language that the judge used to kind of justify the length of the sentence. he didn't just say these were really serious crimes. he said that sam bankman-fried had to go to prison for 25 years because if he was let out any earlier he might commit more crimes. basically, there's this sense that he hasn't really expressed remorse for what happened.

in were he to get out, he might pitch a new company and try to commit a similar fraud to the one that brought down ftx. william: is this because all along bankman-fried really hasn't expressed a great deal of remorse about this, which i know judges love to see. david: yeah, i mean, it's complicated. he'll say that he's sorry about what happened and that he's apologized to customers, has apologized to employees of ftx, but you know, he obviously challenged the charges against him. he's planning to appeal so he hasn't apologized for committing crimes because it remains his position that he hasn't committed any crimes. but that's certainly hurt him at the sentencing stage. william: for people who have not been following this as closely as you have, can you just remind us of the basic sort of flow of what happened here. how did ftx come crumbling down? david: sure. so just 18 months ago, sam bankman-fried was a huge star in the business world. he ran a cryptocurrency exchange, ftx, which was basically a platform where you could take your dollars and spend them to buy bitcoin or

ether other cryptocurrencies. and you could also store your crypto on the platform. so it kind of operated as a bank as well. and it became really popular as the crypto industry grew and grew. and then in november 2022, there was essentially a run on the bank, and that posed a big billion dollar hole in the money that ftx was supposed to be holding on behalf of its customers. and that kind of kick started this series of events that kind of brought the whole edifice crashing down. william: and so those people who had quote-unquote banked their money in his exchanges, they lost all the money. those are the victims in this case? david: those are sort of one subset of the victims. they're probably the largest subset. but the other victims include venture capital investors, who put in more than a billion dollars into ftx, and also lenders who gave money to companies in bankman-fried's empire. william: so the $11 billion that he's been ordered to pay, who is that, or where is that supposed to go?

david: that's actually going to the u.s. government. that's not restitution that's going to victims. but really that number is kind of academic because bankman-fried does not have $11 billion sitting around that he can just disperse to people. and really the root for recoveries for the customers of ftx is through the bankruptcy process. so you've got a team of lawyers that took over the exchange after it collapsed and have spent the last almost year and a half kind of cobbling together assets wherever they can find them to try to create a pool of funds that can be returned to the people who lost their money. william: but so far those people have not yet been made whole, but that is the hope and/or expectation? david: that's the hope and the bankruptcy lawyers have said they're expecting to make customers whole. but what being made whole means is complicated. they will receive the dollar value of their holdings on the ftx platform as of november 2022 when the bankruptcy happened.

so that doesn't account for the rapid surge in cryptocurrency prices over that period. so you know if you had one bitcoin on ftx, and it was worth $20,000 in november, you'll get $20,000 back even though that bitcoin would be worth $70,000 today. william: i see. many people have seen this case is kind of an overarching stain on cryptocurrency writ large. and i wonder, do you think that's fair and is that is actually what is happening? does this say anything about cryptocurrency itself? or is this just about one person's potential crime here? david: i think there are specific characteristics of the crypto industry that sort of helped enable this fraud. you know, one sort of mechanism that sam bankman-fried the kind of cover up some of his crimes was that he was kind of inventing new currencies, new digital currencies, and then putting them up as collateral to borrow actual money from lenders. and so that's sort of a unique aspect of this kind of strange world of digital money that kind of helped enable the fraud.

i think it's also the case that the crypto world has kind of attracted the type of person who's sort of inclined towards gambling, who wants to take lots of risks. and you know, that sort of says a lot about the culture of the industry. and it's part of what laid the foundation for this massive disaster. william: alright. david yaffe-bellany of the new york times, thank you so much. david: thanks for having me. ♪ william: one year ago, wall street journal reporter evan gershkovich was detained by russian police. he has remained in detention ever since, on espionage charges, an accusation that the u.s. and his employer strongly deny. nick schifrin has more about the efforts to free him. nick: last november, the united states made russia an offer, a trade for two americans the u.s. labels wrongfully detained, former marine paul whelan, and evan gershkovich.

russia rejected it. the administration says it continues to try and find a deal that russia might accept. in the meantime, whelan and gershkovich wait. this week, gershkovich appeared in court and, for the fifth time, a judge extended his detention. he is accused of acting on behalf of the u.s. government to collect state secrets, the first american journalist facing russian espionage charges in more than 35 years. the u.s. strongly denies the allegations, as u.s. ambassador to russia lynne tracey said this week. >> the accusations against evan are categorically untrue. they are not a different interpretation of circumstances. they are fiction. nick: gershkovich moved to russia in 2017 to work for the moscow times, before joining the journal in 2022. he loved his work, he loved traveling through russia, and he has shown remarkable resilience, strength, and even good humor, throughout this ordeal. i'm now joined in the studio by

evan's sister, danielle gershkovich. and almar latour, the publisher of the wall street journal and ceo of dow jones. thank you very much, both of you. welcome back to the newshour. danielle, let me start with you. how's your brother doing? danielle: i'm so amazed by him. he still is himself. i look at the courtroom footage and photos, and i recognize all his little mannerisms. and he writes me letters. we write letters to each other about once a week, and they're still so full of humor. it's still my little brother. we get to correspond. but i know he works incredibly hard to keep his spirits up. he has a very strict routine for himself. he reads, he writes, he meditates, and he works really hard to be able to stay -- nick: to stay healthy. yeah. what does he manage to tell you

about the conditions that he faces? danielle: well, i know that he is in a in a small cell. and he gets about an hour exercise a day. and, you know, he's cut off from his from his family, from his friends, from from the world and his job that he loves so much. nick: the conviction rate in russian courts is higher than 90%. is it possible for evan to receive a fair trial? or will his release necessarily come from some kind of swap? almar: i'm afraid that the conviction rate for espionage cases is actually even even higher than that. and so, you know, this trial as, you heard ambassador, the ambassador say just now, this is a fiction. and, and so the, the, the farcical performance, that's taking place, would not stop at the pretrial detention.

i assume that that would continue, through trial as well, if a trial indeed, takes place and that, you know, we still hope that something could happen before a trial would start. nick: do you refer to evin as a hostage? do you consider him a hostage of the russian government? almar: absolutely. we're dealing with a department within the state department called the special presidential envoy for hostage affairs that is quarterbacking at least as some of the efforts to release evan. and that name says it all. but even beyond that designation by the government, this is a hostage affair. that confirmed again and again. just the transactional nature of how even putin himself has addressed us. it keeps underscoring that this is a game and even as a pawn and a geopolitical play.

nick: danielle, you're here in d.c, you're not meeting any officials this week, but do you believe the biden administration is doing all it can to release your brother? danielle: president biden made a promise to our family. this is personal for him. he's going to do whatever it takes. and we know the white house is taking this very seriously. and there's a team of experts working around the clock. but unfortunately, it's an opaque case. so, we just have to continue to have faith in the government. and in the meantime, we can just continue to keep the spotlight on evan so he's not forgotten. nick: let me ask you about some of those details. it is opaque and this is a government to government issue. but, as i said at the top, there has been a prisoner swap on the table that the u.s. offered to russia. putin has said that he's still open the agreement. the u.s has said it is still trying to find an agreement. has the administration informed you about any efforts that it is still trying to make to get this

swap done? almar: you know, we talk to the administration as often as we can. and they've been, i must say, quite accessible throughout this set, this very, very long year. and even this week there was contact and there will be ongoing contact. and so we get updates on how the attempts at freeing evan evolve all the time. and, yeah, this goes with ups and downs just with any sort of complicated, endeavor. and so we've come close, at certain points, and we hope one of these days we can cross that threshold. i think the administration has done, a remarkable job of showing its engagement, showing its commitment and making a public commitment, including to danielle and her family. but, ultimately, this is a

binary outcome. either evan is imprisoned or he's free. and so, we cannot judge ourselves until we get to that point of getting evan out of prison. nick: you said there were contacts this week. can you reveal any more details about those contacts? almar: no. not specifically. by that, i only mean to say that there are regular interactions, and they take place at regular intervals, just to make sure that we understand how we can be helpful and that we understand that the government is indeed focused on evan, as it should be, not just with public commitments, but also with actions. and we have full faith that that will be seen through to its hopefully natural conclusion, which will be his release.

nick: the journal does not have anyone on the ground in russia. many news organizations does not have anyone on the ground in russia. what do you think the impact of that is? almar: well, that's the desired impact from an autocratic regime that holds its own people and the truth in extreme disregard. so there's been a very active, proactive discouragement of proper journalism for the better part of two decades that's only intensified in the past couple of years and really has reached a crescendo in the past year. there are numerous journalists, russian and foreign journalists imprisoned in russia. there are two american journalists currently imprisoned there. and the signal is, the the truth is dangerous to the putin regime. and so, don't try to offer the truth. nick: danielle, let me end, back to you. i asked about how evan was doing. how are you doing? how's your family doing?

danielle: i'm sure you can imagine this has been a very difficult year for us. filled with a lot of uncertainty. but whatever we're going through, i know it's harder for evan. and we just take so much inspiration from his strength, and we have no other choice. we have to keep going. we have to stay positive, optimistic. and i know we're going to get him home. nick: and finally, what makes him a good journalist? danielle: i just have to smile because it's my brother. i love him so much, and he's just such a passionate, curious, driven person. he loves travel. he loves writing. all of these things came together, and he realized that this is his passion. and we're so proud of him that he got to do that. i hope you can get back to it. nick: absolutely. we all do. thank you very much to you both. danielle: thank you so much.

almar: thank you so much. ♪ william: memories and condolences are pouring in for former senator joe lieberman, the democrat turned independent, who never shied away from bucking the party line. lieberman had a lengthy political history, serving more than four decades in both his home state of connecticut's capitol, and the nation's. he also was the first jewish candidate on a major party ticket when al gore chose him as his running mate in 2000. for a deeper look at his life and legacy, i'm joined by one of his longtime friends, and former colleagues, senator richard blumenthal of connecticut.

how would you like people to remember your friend and colleague? we had lives and families that intertwined personally for more than 50 years. we sometimes disagreed, as friends do. but he was always affable and amiable. even in our toughest disagreements on the iraq war, for example. that was key to his bipartisanship, is reaching across the aisle, bridging gaps. i think you be remembered as a peacemaker, a consensus builder. someone who tried to reached across the aisle, as the saying goes. tempers in the u.s. senate can frequently flayer come occur -- personalities can clash. joe worked with people in a very

serious but personable way. william: some people have been saying that senator lieberman, whether he was your political ally or not, could change from day to day. that independence won him a great deal of praise, and some criticism. how did you view that trait of his? sen. blumenthal: he was ferociously independent. a maverick. he thought through positions, but he also listened. in my job as a u.s. senator and earlier as attorney general, i have said to people, the most important thing i do is to listen. and joe was a great listener. i will always remember him listening to me, but also to others. he recognized that every person has a story, a point of view that is worth hearing. and he was a person of deep conscience and conviction which led to his independence and his forging his own path on a lot of

important issues. he was also, let's be very blunt, a democrat on gun violence prevention, gay rights, women's reproductive health care, civil-rights, environmental values. he was at heart in many ways a democrat. even though he disagreed with us from time to time. william: some people have noted with his passing that it seems there is very little space anymore for moderates like him. do you think for any of the young joe lieberman-types out th ere that they would have a shot in politics today? sen. blumenthal: definitely. people are hungry for bipartisanship. they are so desperate for folks in our positions who want to get things done which was joe's mission. how do we accomplish something?

he accomplished with the intelligence community reform, ending the silos that invented us -- he built the department of homeland security and the modern intelligence community as we know it now that has probably saved us countless times from terrorist attacks as well as other law enforcement. that is just one of his accomplishments. but he also had a very personal side which is important to politics. i was talking to one of his former colleagues from louisiana. he was telling me that he and joe formed the kosher cajun caucus. louisiana and kosher, connecticut. and they would invite colleagues to meals that they took from the recipes they each brought to the

cajun kitchen. and it is just one tiny example of how he tried to bring people together. william: in recent months, senator lieberman was helping lead efforts to help find a candidate for the no labels, this third candidate -- third-party idea. separate from that organization's intentions, many people in your party felt that that effort, if they found a candidate who could run for presidency, would in essence make donald trump the likely next president and were very critical of that. do you share that belief, and didou ever talk with him about that? sen. blumenthal: i spoke to joe about principally, donald trump and what might happen if no labels caused the election of donald trump, which was a nightmare for him as it is for me. joe opposed donald trump in 2016. he opposed donald trump in 2020.

i believe he would have opposed donald trump in 2024 and would have supported joe biden. and the reason is that donald trump was an an asthma to all the principles joe lieberman holds dear. william: senator richard blumenthal of connecticut, thank you so much for being here. sen. blumenthal: thank you. ♪ william: the on again, off again diplomatic relations between the u.s. and cuba have made it much harder for cuban musicians to travel to the u.s for this summer's music festivals. special correspondent mike cerre reports from havana, for our arts and culture series, canvas. mike: since the broad-based

success of the 1999 buena vista social club film and album celebrating cuban musicians. ♪ there has been a succession of virtuoso cuban musicians, like roberto fonseca who have regularly played major music festivals and venues throughout the u.s. >> united states is a great and important, platform for young musicians. mike: but changes in u.s. visa procedures are making it more difficult for this current generation of cuban musicians like rodrigo garcia ameneiros and his wife tania haase solarzano. they've spent much of the past year trying to get visas to play at festivals and schools in the united states they've been invited to. >> we don't have a guarantee, and we are trying to but, yes, it's hard to process. mike: like most cuban jazz musicians, rodrigo and tania are classically trained graduates of cuba's national music schools they attended from elementary

school through college. they've spent the majority of their lives preparing for professional music careers and joining the ranks of cuba's world class musicians. >> eight years or 10, we start in the school, like a career. at that age you are not thinking in a career. >> we had that opportunity. >> opportunity but also like a responsibility. mike: during the last week of the trump administration in 2020, the u.s. shut down its embassy in havana, accusing cuba of state supported terrorism. since then, most cuban musicians now have to travel to a third country, with a u.s. embassy, just to apply for a visa. >> it's devastating. emotionally and otherwise. >> the toll is at so many levels. mike: immigration attorney bill

martinez helped get the original buena vista social club musicians into the u.s. for their celebrated carnegie hall debut in 1998. he continues helping them and other cuban musicians work through their visa application nightmares. >> the big change is that administrative processing, which happens after the consular interviews, is causing long delays and sometimes resulting in the cancellation of tours. mike: and is it predictable? do you know when you apply for a visa, how long it's going to take? >> you can never know. it's absolutely unpredictable. mike: at this year's annual havana international jazz festival held every january for showcasing cuban and other international artists, american music promoters were struggling to book cuban performers for their upcoming festivals due to visa issues. >> you have to have the visa in order to get the booking. it's like a double edge sword.

which comes first, the chicken or the egg? mike: kevin ball and lonnie smith represent jazz festivals in north carolina and texas. rodrigo's uncle and teacher, pianist aldo lopez gavilan, started playing major summer music festivals like this one in napa valley in 2017. after the obama administration started normalizing relations and travel protocols with cuba. but most of them were reversed by his successor, and the biden administration has done little to lift the new restrictions during an election year. >> if you are coming tomorrow and you tell me, can you be in san francisco next week to work? of course not. we have to do it with a lot of time. mike: while they waited indefinitely for their visas, american audiences could only see them perform in old havana's tourist restaurants, which have also been impacted by the added u.s. restrictions on americans and foreigners traveling to cuba.

their band is paid in cash, and in meals, which have become even more valuable this year due to the government's latest round of food price hikes and rationing. >> we know a lot of cases of musicians going out of the country, not because they don't want to be here. because it's pretty hard to get a job. mike: most of the cast for last year's off-broadway musical revival of the buena vista social club film were cuban musicians who had previously left their country for professional reasons. according to the u.s. customs and border patrol, nearly a half a million cubans are believed to have migrated to the u.s. in just the last two years, due to their declining economy. >> our proposal at this moment is to live here in cuba. and to go and just return at the end. i think that's about love to the

family, to our home, and also to our country. mike: as headliners at this year's havana jazz festival, rodrigo's mother and tania's extended music families joined them on stage to honor cuba's rich musical history and culture they are dedicated to preserving. >> this concert is about the history of the country and talking about loss. how we suffer sometimes with immigration. >> it's a place to be happy and also to cry together. >> we are always hoping that it will be better for all of us. >> i mean think, i think that the restrictions are just stopping the interchange between one and the other people. a lot of culture is being stopped. mike: after intensive lobbying by festival promoters and

government officials on both sides of the process, rodrigo and tania received educational and cultural visas to salvage some of their american invitations, as long as they don't get paid to perform in the u.s. for the "pbs newshour," mike cerre in havana, cuba. ♪ william: a new book by journalist josie cox charts the fight that women have waged to try and close the gender pay gap, and the many hurdles they faced in that struggle. "women money power, the rise and fall of economic equality," tells the story of the women who challenged the system. amna nawaz recently sat down with one of those women, and the book's author. amna: these days, 98-year-old anna mae krier is always on the move. often in her cherry red chevy

pickup truck. but her first big move eight decades ago was from her small town in north dakota on a train to seattle, washington, where the teen joined the workforce building b17 bombers during world war ii. >> this was one of my pay stubs at boeing, can you imagine that? amna: the real-life rosie the riveter was inspiration for journalist josie cox's book, in which she writes about krier being paid just $0.83 an hour, half what the men made for the same job. >> i don't think it's fair. if you can do the job the same as a man, why should you get paid less? i don't understand that and i fought that for quite a few years. amna: all these years later, when you look back at the role that you played, do you feel you got the credit that you deserved? >> oh no. when the war was over, men came home to flags, flying flags, everything.

they got all the benefits of the g.i. bill. they got to go back to school, they got everything. when rosie came home, she came home with a pink slip. amna: josie i want to bring you in here. help us understand the context of what mae was going through, what so many women were going through at that time, what did that war and that moment in time represent for women in that workforce? >> in a way, it was everything, because it was the first time that women in significant numbers had the opportunity, out of necessity, to come into the paid labor market. and i think it was the first time that women and men actually realized and had to admit, that many women were actually just as capable at doing all the jobs that had previously been reserved for men and had been the domain of men. amna: cox's book examines the many ways gender discrimination in america was long-enshrined into law, and features the barrier-breaking work of civil rights activist and legal scholar, pauli murray. murray graduated as the only woman in her law school class at howard university, and first coined the term jane crow to describe the misogyny she endured. >> i think in some ways she was

very ahead of her time. and then in other ways, she really, as a female and as a black female, did not have very many opportunities. amna: rosita stevens-holsey is murray's niece and on the board of the pauli murray center for history and social justice. she says the late supreme court juice ruth bader ginsburg turned to murray's legal theories to argue her own cases. and in murray's boundary-pushing life, she rejected gender norms and forged an intersectional approach to equality. >> she would do things i thought other people didn't do. for example, i've seen her smoke a cigarello, and i had never seen -- in fact i've never seen anyone smoke a cigarello. i saw her puff on a pipe once or twice. amna: i mean, she really challenged gender norms. it was in the 1930's, she was

asking for hormone therapy. she was repeatedly denied by doctors. for pauli murray to be making those kinds of requests, challenging those kinds of norms at that time, how big a deal was that? >> it was a very big deal. but often times the general public did not know that. a lot of her challenging was directly with psychiatrists or doctors or psychologists, in which she was trying to determine what she was feeling and what it meant. but when other people were just looking for civil rights for black -- basically black men, she was already thinking, well, women are being treated like secondhand citizens. and she decided that women actually needed the same kind of organizations, or laws that would protect them. amna: cox documents in her book how the signs of progress in the 1940's, followed by decades of legal steps, like the equal pay

act and title ix protections, have yet to translate into the equality they promised. the gender pay gap, for example, has narrowed, but still persists. what is it about who we are or our culture, our society, that ends up blunting the force of those laws? why haven't they delivered on the promise that they carried? >> the way that i characterize it in the book is that i think of the law as this fishing net with really big holes and the most egregious offenses, you know, firing a woman for getting pregnant, paying two people who are different genders different amounts for doing the same work, all of those really egregious offenses get caught in these fishing nets, but everything else can slip through. and these things are still slipping through the cracks because they are so inextricably linked to culture and linked to the way that we think as a society. amna: josie, you talk a lot about child care in the book, too. why is this one piece of it so crucial when you're talking about female economic empowerment?

>> because women still are the default caregivers in america, in the societies in which we live. and so as a result of that, there is still this very entrenched culture in this country that women are sort of the social security net that takes care of the childcare piece. america has this approach where certain things are public utilities and they are provided and they are accessible and they are available. and childcare is not one of them. amna: more than any other piece of the puzzle, does the child care piece of it feel like, if we could somehow fix that, that would dramatically change the landscape? >> absolutely. yeah. it is a concrete, specific policy that can be introduced that would hugely impact the gender pay gap, the female labor force participation, the ability for women not to have to make these decisions, these choices between professional fulfillment and personal fulfillment, between reaching their full

economic potential and being a present and good parent. amna: you have multiple generations following in your footsteps. what is it that you want to be different for them? >> i want people to be equal. for years men have always had control of everything. maybe not in your lifetime but in mine. the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. but we have some work to do. amna: and krier's not nearly done. she heads to washington d.c. next month to accept the congressional gold medal, the highest civilian honor, in recognition for the work she and millions of other women did decades ago. ♪ william: today is opening day for major league baseball, and it comes after a spring training chock full of controversies and curiousities.

among them, some very unpopular uniforms. economics correspondent paul solman has been pulling threads to bring us this report. paul: major league baseball's controversial new uniforms, getting fans closer to players than the latter might have imagined. one widely circulated photo showed underwear through the new mesh pants. the reception's been harsh on the bottoms, and on the tops, which one player called papery. another, like a knockoff jersey from tj maxx. philadelphia phillies shortstop trea turner, i know everyone hates them. and fans picked up the thread on social media. these are absolute trash. pure garbage. as one user put it. on the other hand, to designer isaac mizrahi. >> i find it kind of sexy, i gotta say. paul: no matter your opinion, says stephen nesbitt, who covers baseball for the athletic. >> the jerseys look pretty radically different. it's more of a mesh feel in the jersey.

when you talk to players, they say there's a certain feel you expect when you wear a major league uniform and it doesn't currently have that. paul: mlb commissioner rob manfred, of course, defended the duds. >> they're designed to be performance wear. so they are going to be different. but they have been tested more extensively than any jersey in any sport. >> players generally like the idea of something more breathable on a hot summer day. and so they might like it when it's 95 degrees out in oakland this summer, or in texas. but for spring training, at least it was a shock to players when they put on the uniform for the first time. paul: regardless, to this erstwhile baseball fan with grandkids who think the game, typically two hours and 40 minutes, of which just 18 minutes involves action, is a crashing bore, a game whose world series tv viewership, for example, is a mere one quarter what it was 50 years ago, the story's economic angle seemed, well, transparent. the new unis are an act of

desperation to attract young people to a dying sport. so, was i right? >> around 25 or 26 teams actually have a positive operating income. paul: out of 30, says sports economist andy zimbalist, though he does acknowledge -- >> it is clear that young people don't want to spend the time that us older folks always enjoyed spending to watch a baseball game. paul: but so then how can baseball be flourishing economically? >> well, the country has been flourishing economically. population has grown. incomes have grown. the number of large corporations that buy sponsorships to support major league baseball teams has grown. so i think that it's gotten pulled along with the tide. paul: in fact, as the game has taken pains to shorten itself, live attendance has actually gone up some. plus. >> baseball is able to use their monopoly leverage in the marketplace to get cities to

offer higher and higher amounts so that instead of there being, you know, 20,000 people in an old ballpark paying $10 or $20 per seat, you have 30 or 40,000 people in the ballpark paying $100 or $200 or $500, and also lots of sponsorship and signage all around the ballpark and catering services around the ballpark. paul: also, in recent years, with live sports the most popular thing on tv, broadcast rights have soared in price. >> and there is also the element with ohtani and yoshinobu yamamoto, his teammates in los angeles who came over from japan. paul: again, baseball journalist nesbitt. >> they have the ability now to advertise themselves to an entire nation in japan. paul: and throughout east asia. baseball even played four spring training games in korea a few weeks ago. now japanese superstar shohei ohtani, a sort of latter-day babe ruth because he is both a

prodigious home run hitter and pitcher, has been much in the news lately -- first, for the richest contract in sports history, $700 million over 10 years, and second, for a gambling scandal involving so far just his longtime translator. but however it turns out, baseball has weathered betting scandals for more than a century, most famously the black sox world series fix of 1919, and survived. moreover, the legalization of sports gambling and mobile apps have enormous revenue potential. >> the opportunities to bet on baseball are enormous. paul: 162 games a year, 9 innings or more per game, 20-some-odd players to bet on. and look, says nesbitt -- >> if you can bet on the outcomes of plays or outcomes of player performance. maybe people care about games they wouldn't otherwise care about. baseball would love for that to happen. paul: ok, so if not economic desperation, or anything close to it, why the new uniforms, all designed by nike?

>> i think it's an act of consumerism. the league believes it benefits from having a uniform supplier like nike, perhaps the biggest game and the biggest name in the apparel industry. paul: and of course new uniforms -- there are several versions of each -- mean new merch to hawk. >> you see lots of new uniforms that the players are wearing and if the players are wearing more uniforms, and fans will be buying presumably more uniforms. paul: but uniforms? even at $100 to $200 a piece, how much money can they bring in? >> merchandise sales are a very small part of baseball's revenue picture. certainly less than 5%. but that doesn't mean that the owners aren't going after whatever bit of money that they can go after. baseball is tryingo squeeze all the money out of the system that it can. paul: ok, but there's still the fact than fans have their knickers in a twist. >> baseball has positioned itself as america's pastime. and when you do that, that automatically, i think, sort of creates some boundaries that you can't really cross. paul: longtime washington post fashion correspondent and critic-at-large robin givhan.

>> you have nike, a company deeply embedded in the zeitgeistiness of what's going on and connecting with different niche communities and there's this element of fashion and style, which ended up leading these uniforms astray. paul: as for designer mizrahi, astray may mean the fans and players find the sheerness a bit risque and think -- >> uh oh, it's a little creepy. paul: do you find it creepy yourself? >> i personally think it's hilarious. i think it's funny because i'm guessing that there are a lot of people who think it's a little creepy. paul: but he does think baseball made a mistake. >> maybe they should have considered all of this before they went and purchased so many thousands and thousands of yards of that textile. paul: for the "pbs newshour," dressed old school, as always, pul solman. ♪

william: david miles jr., known as the godfather of skate, has been the driving force behind the roller skating scene in san francisco's bay area for decades. he runs what's called the church of eight wheels, a roller rink inside an old church. here, he gives his brief but spectacular take on the joys of skating. david: well you know a lot of people take skating for granted. they like to skate and all, but for me, it's everything. it is my entire life. when you get that good james brown song come on, you know? you're thinking about that beat, you're thinking about doing that step. crossovers and spins. you just do it according to what the beat says. the city of san francisco lets me do what i do. here i am, the godfather of skating. i kind of didn't really even find myself until i discovered skating. i grew up in kansas city, missouri. in kansas city, i was a

bricklayer. every day. every day. nah, man. when i first came here, i didn't know not one person. it wasn't until i went to golden gate park that i fell in love with the city. i always talk about it as, you know, the wizard of oz, the movie? dorothy's in the house spinning around, everything's in black and white, right? and then they open the door and it's all full color. people dancing and skating. ever since that very day i've been out there promoting skating, representing it. this is like my life's calling. the golden gate park skate patrol was basically formed because, you know, we're talking 20,000, 25,000 roller skaters that would come out. it was overwhelming the infrastructure, basically. you need bathrooms. you need food. you need everything when you have thousands of people gathering in a spot. so, the recreation parks department was going to ban roller skating in the park, unless they was to be able to come up with a group of people that could handle the problems. when they came up with the idea

of this roller patrol, i just happened to be there that day, this guy with a clipboard came by and started saying, hey, you want to do all this? and they threw me in charge. ever since then, i got the group trained in first aid, cpr. we became people that were a help, not just roller skaters. i see people talking about san francisco all the time as if it's dying, as if it's gone. san francisco's fantastic place. i've done things there i could never do anywhere. back in 2013, i met a guy that told me about this church that was empty, and i asked him, could we have a skate party there? the rest is kind of history. the church of eight wheels is really just a group of people that love skating. it's never the building, it's the people. we do our skating with a certain energy to it. all the problems of the world we all hear about, you go turn on the radio now, everything's bad. but there's a bubble over this thing where you go to escape that. when you look at what a church really is, it's a place where

people congregate and they gather and they celebrate life. we just do it on skates. and when you are around that, it is roll-igion. my name is david miles jr. and this is my brief but spectacular take on spreading roll-igion. william: you can watch more brief but spectacular videos at pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the "newshour" for tonight. i'm william brangham. on behalf of the entire "newshour" team, thank you for joining us. >> major funding for the "pbs newshour" has been provided by. the ongoing support of these individuals and institutions, and friends of the "newshour," including leonard and norma klorfine, and the judy and peter blum kovler foundation. >> actually, you don't need vision to do most things in life. it's exciting to be part of a team driving the technology

forward. i think that's the most rewarding thing. people who know, know bdo. >> a law partner rediscovers her grandmother's artistry and creates a trust to keep the craft alive. a raymondjames financial advisor gets to know you, your passions, and the way you enrich your community. life well planned. >> the ford foundation, working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide. and with the ongoing support of these institutions. and friends of the "newshour." this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

[captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] >> you'

wow, you get to watch all your favorite stuff. it's to die for. now you won't miss a thing. this is the way. the xfinity 10g network. made for streaming. ♪ hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour and company." here's what's coming up. decent into depravity. a chilling investigation into the heinous atrocities allegedly carried out by myanmar's mill r junta. i feel immense obligation to speak and act. >> to be a jew to