♪ ♪ narrator: funding for this presentation of this program is provided by... woman: architect. bee keeper. mentor. a raymond james financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life well planned.

narrator: funding was also provided by, the freeman foundation. and by judy and peter blum kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. announcer: and now, "bbc news". >> hello, i'm christr and this is the context. >> we got floods, firestorms hitting the poorest countries of the world and yet we've got these unprecedented profits. windfall profits made by the patrol states and our companies. >> if we areo rebuild trust and reignite solidarity, let us stop changing how we engage and performing the architecture. >> we are working with congress to address $40 billion in our pacific islands infrastructure

initiative. ♪ question: -- christian: brush fires, flooding. who pays for the devastation wreaked by climate change? last year they contributed to a fund for the most honorable countries but 10 months on, no agreement on who should pay, where it should be distributed or how. we will hear from one of the pacific island nations whose leaders gathered at the white house today. president emmanuel macron says he has a plan for a pain-free green transition and so does rishi sunak. and israel oppose with news of a new machine that can replace our bees as the pollinator. good evening.

readers of some of the most vulnerable countries on earth have gathered in washington for a pacific island summit hosted by president biden. part of a renewed effort by the white house to improve diplomatic relations in a region in which the united states a china battle for influence. truth is the leaders of these small island nations feel forgotten. ey have been asking for compensation to deal with the worst effects of climate change for years and they continue to wait. discussed at the u.s. general assembly last week, a breakthrough to finance the fund. in part, it explains why the leader of the solomon islands have refused to attend. china's unilateral support was less restrictive, more responsive and more aligned to his country's national leads, he says. >> to rebuild trust and

reconnect solidarity come out let us start by changing how we engage and reforming our international financial architecture. christian: how do the biggest polluters raise the trillions of dollars required to help smaller nations adapt? the prime minister put forward his solution today. in 25 billion-dollar global windfall on oil and gas profit paid by the biggest patrol states, amounting to less than 1% of global oil and gas revenues and only 3% of the earnings. >> we've got drought, floods, fire storms hitting the poorest countries in the world. yet at the same time we've got these unprecedented profits come out profits made by the petrol states and country -- companies. the extent is that it is 4 trillion in revenue the past year.

money that is unearned but should go to helping the that are suffering from the high energy prices and climate change as a result of historic emissions. >> this dr. is the former ambassador to the united nations and the united states, presently the climate had for the associates and senior fellow at the carnegie endowment for international peace, joining me from washington. lovely to see you, thanks for coming on the program. let's address what he has been talking about. does it sound like a good initiative? >> thank you. yes, it is a powerful set of proposals put forward by mr. gordon brown. he hit the nail on the head, and incremental increase in overseas developments and assistants will not cut it to make up for the financing.

i need to look at other sources of financing and the principal that windfall -- many for gains have been made by companies and petrol states. it is important and a powerful starting point. the proposal he has put forward is 1% of the finances of these companies, which makes a substantial starter contribution to funding this. >> it is more -- >> what would it mean to a country like fiji? >> for fiji and all of the pacific, it is an important starting point. when you talk about this, these are areas where the options no longer apply.

new homes will be built for them, being relocated. the relocations have been happening already for several years and across the pacific islands, in pop new guinea as well. countries are considering these options and they need to be funded through a facility that is substantially financed and escapable, undertaking these activities. they are not mitigation actions. this is a fundamental, crucial, and we hope the leaders when they meet with president biden seek his support in making more headway and being able to mail these by cop 28. it was disappointing that the general assembly discussions did

not give us the solution, especially with the pacific. >> i was reading something you talked about with regards to the airport which has to be replaced. but it has to be replaced in the current climate every eight to 10 years. when you compare, all of these things are comparable, imagine you had to replace a runway at heathrow every eight to 10 years for a company does -- the size of yours, that is extraordinary cost. is not available for small nationstates? how do you fund something like that in the current climate. >> that -- if you took that example further, rather than every 20 years you dudand upgrade of heathrow airport, but the cost of the major upgrade is a consequence of climate change, you need to do it every eight to

10 years maximum, more rain and flooding, etc., that you will be paying one trillion pounds every 10 years to upgrade heathrow. there would be up evils. this is fundamental lifeline for this country. it is the only external link to the world and it needs to do that. it does borrow. it needs to borrow something like an equivalent of one third of gdp. it does make the case and the islands make the case that should the smaller state who on the frontline of the climate crisis always have to pay for this type of infrastructure fix are recognizing the consequence of climate change for its own resources. this is where climate financing comes in and what we are asking is that the financing be available on scale and speed.

often for small estates, being able to access climate finance can be a painful journey as well. the info structure challenge, one example i am posing to you. we go back to his proposal of the financing facility and there is substantially financed through oil and gas proceeds and the starting point. we hope the international community lines up behind this. christian: you are on the frontlines lines of a struggle between china and the united states, and the advent -- example of the solomon islands suggests they might have more than they think they have.

>> president biden is meeting at the white house tomorrow over the next two days, they are meeting the president of the u.s., on the basis of solidarity. when the pacific is united, you -- it is beginning to be felt. it is the hope and excitation of many of the expectations. the u.s. and china will be able to come out rather than compete cannot collaborate and cooperate on the climate challenges across the pacific. it has been relentless in saying the climate challenge is by far the most important challenge that these countries face. if we are not responding to the most important challenge these

countries face, we are probably not listening and responding to an they are saying. >> thank you. adopting the global warming is only part of the equation. the biggest response ability as he says for the biggest countries is putting in place the policies to reach net zero 2050. there's been criticism of the british prime minister who is delayed by five years about new gas and diesel cars due to take effect in 2030. he's been watching other climate goals which he says pose unacceptable costs on ordinary people. in france, the president says they have not been near ambitious enough. in the past few hours he is been setting out his revised targets. >> this whole strategy will allow us to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. coal, oil and gas, energy that

we don't produce so we are dependent on it. studies have shown clearly that they have supported the strategy, will reduce our dependence on fossil fuels from 60 to 40% by 2030. and one of the objectives that is fundamental in the process is to get rid of this. that is the priority we have set, we are going to take it to the rest of the world. by the first of january, 2027, to be free of the electricity, and is phasing out of coal that we must support in europe and the world which corresponds to the objectives. 2030 is the target date. thanks to the strategy, france will be ahead of the deadline. >> joining to discuss is an expert on climate change and the international political economy

at the london school of economics. think you for being on the program. i hear many of the same things that i heard in the last week from rishi sunak. is a new trend developing in european politics? >> thanks for having me. new trend in european politics -- we can go back to that later but the announcements by the french president and rishi sunak , there is a lot of difference in what is being promoted at the moment. in terms of european politics, someone like him and omicron -- emmanuel macron has been pushed to that for many years now and he feels the pressure, the democratic mandate, it is the second term and he has efforts on the climate now. of course he is afraid and we can talk about that more later.

he seems to maintain stability while pushing through. further countries, he is doing it more than others. i'm not sure. >> when i look at some of the details in this, supply-side, supp driven changes to the auto section and no bang on gas boilers, it would put the onus on them and that is different from what we have heard. >> the administration is we have finished in 2018. what started the fire was a poorly designed and insulting carbon tax on just proportion of

a affecting the lower and middle classes, because the tax. what this has said is that they are aware of that and they are trying to not replicate that. there is still a difference in scaling back commitments entirely like rishi sunak has done recently, announcing a number in the proposal and this is what the magician is doing, which is not enough. christian: you talked about the threat from the far right. the government before has put green duties on diesel and we saw it led to, the protests. do you think he is wary of a green lash with the rural communities in france? >> of course. you can see that in the proposals that have been outlined because he is trying to

invest in the future while affording a number of sensitive issues which he is aware of will trigger resentment for sections of the population. he is saying we will have more vehicles, normally we will have more but we also have a program where you are able to lease this, achieving something like 100 euros per month what he has said is that he does not want to challenge the idea of using comps. we will have to reduce our dutch cars. we have to reduce our car usage drastically. but he said today i love cars and there iso questioning. he is trying to say we will have

more electric vehicles but research says it is not an ideal solution. as part of the solution but we can only have it. he has also said we will have more trains, regional networks that have trains, etc.. but that is what needs to -- but it is needed. not challenging cars, planes etc.. >> thank you for coming on the program around the world and across the k. this is bbc news. a quick look at some of the other stories making headlines today. the nurse facing a retrial on an outstanding allegation that she attempted to murder a baby girl. she was sentenced to a whole life order last month after she was convicted of the murders of seven babies and the attempted murders of six others. the trial has been set for june of next year. in england, a grim milestone of

more than one million apartments canceled because of strikes. some say the true scale of the destruction from the strikes is likely to be higher. the airport will counsel the departures, among air traffic control staff. a number of cancellations is expected on friday. easyjet passengers will be the most impacted, also canceling flights. we are focusing is first half-hour on the climate. three out of every four crops grown around the world to produce fruits or seeds for human consumption are reliant in part on pollinators. it is bees, honeybees come than 20,000 different wild bee

species. the bee populations are under severe pressure from climate change that we have been discussing. the use of pesticides. a company in israel has found a way to mechanically politic crops in a similar way to bees. the machine looks like a large lawnmower but has two mechanical arms that vibrate and when brushed over blueberry and avocado plants it will encourage them to release their pollen, the vibration imitating that of a bumblebee and how it uses its wings to agitate the flowers. joining to discuss is the founder of a tech firm that has found a way to mechanically politic crops like bees. drinking for mexico. i'm interested why you thought

this was necessary. using a shortfall of pollinators on the farms you have been working? >> first of all, thank you for this opportunity. i think that from our perspective, looking to pollination, today we use honeybees, a commercially pollinated many types of crops, but they are not supposed to pollinate commercially. which means they are not the natural pollinators of many crops that we use today and that is created a gap and for many types of crops that we see. notice for those insects that you mentioned, which cannot be used in commercial scale amount to what we define as a solution and the foundation of this.

>> can you imagine a scenario where nearly all of our farms will need machines to plug the gap that has been left? >> i am not sure all of the farms will need it. honeybees work well in some forms. but many say the trend is going in not the right direction due to different influence that we have on the environment, and the many stresses from this perspective. and there are the crops and the -- >> i am the pictures on the

screen. are they insufferably we are being dragged down the tree line. >> we have several solutions. one is what bumblebee's are doing, and that is using vibration to release pollinated flowers. that is the one that we have, it has led to cross pollinate between varieties like the avocado one and therefore we need to adapt our technology to the focus area and the type that we are looking into. there insects and they. we distribute it naturally. >> it is interesting. probably the way things are going with habitat destruction. thank you for coming, good to talk to you. >> thank you very much. >> there has been an outpouring

of anger and outrage in a small town in southern spain where naked images of schoolgirls have been circulating online. they are fake. they were created using artificial intelligence. over 20 men have come forward and it is believed fully clothed pictures of the girls which they uploaded on their social media pages were fed into an ai program which generated imagined images with the clothes off. it is not just parents in spain that are worried. how long will it be before that is copied widely and other innocent girls or boys are targeted? lets go live to san diego where we speak to a professor and -- in data science and philosophy at the university of california. thank you for coming on the program. if anybody ever wants to take down a picture on the internet, trying to get a hold of the internet companies or the social media companies to do that is near impossible. if we have these images out there, shouldn't we be putting

more onus on the companies to do that if requests are made? >> thank you. you are absolutely right that there is at least a moral and social obligation on these companies to do a lot more in terms of taking down these images once they are progated. part of the challenge is that it turns out to be very difficult technically to do that. it can be hard to track the images that are passed around with the social network and it can be hard to find them again. it is easy to me small changes and detect them. we are going to need some kind of overhaul of the framework of this network so that we can have better tracking of these images. >> and rules of the ai companies often monitor it. >> it is a lot more challenging to ask of one of these companies. part of the business model is to

enable companies to use the technology and they don't want to know very much about what the companies are doing with the technology, largely because the clients don't want them to know what they are doing. one thing that has happened with a lot of these technologies is there putting up barriers between what they know and with the users are doing with them. i agree we need better rules but the enforcement is going to come down to external risk -- external regulation, not just the goodwill of companies. >> amazon today getting involved in an ai, a big buy up of one of the competitors for chatgpt. >> yeah, amazon made a large investment with another largely which company like openai and others. it shows the consolidation occurring around a few large companies that have the resources but hundreds of u.s. dollars does hundreds of

millions of u.s. dollars that are needed to train these models. so we are seeing the consolidation in an industry that was top-heavy. >> thank you for that. sorry we are a little squeezed for time. we're going to go to a short break in on the other side we will talk about the writers narrator: funding for this presentation of this program is provided by... narrator: financial services firm, raymond james. narrator: funding was also provided by, the freeman foundation. and by judy and peter blum kovler foundation; pursuing solutions for america's neglected needs. ♪ ♪

♪ ♪ narrator: funding for this presentation of this program is provided by... woman: architect. bee keeper. mentor. a raymond james financial advisor tailors advice to help you live your life. life well planned.