is there a grand slam title for the serbia, superstar in the final ed roland garza, in jekyll beach beach, no region casper route in straight sets. 766375 to capture his 3rd french open crown. the 36 year old is now the 1st man to win. all 4 major is at least 3 times to and that's the latest on the definitely in use this our up next, our documentary series doc films, with a look at human evolution and the missing link between human and james, marian, evan. stan, i'll have more headlines for you at the top of the hour. thanks for watching the greedy prophets hearing instead of responsive the global business of asbestos. this is not legitimate business. the people that are in tongue deserve to be treated with any kind of courtesy by the governments of the world. the never ending

story of asbestos starts june 21st on d, w. the south africa. these hills are known as the cradle of human kind. they tell the story of evolution. nowhere else has so many of our ancestors possible being discovered. but one mystery remains when exactly did the 1st humans a pen and walk with our lives like that's one patio anthropologist, josie, but i've gone once to find out at the chrome dry audiological sites in south africa . he aims to give a voice to the bones of ancestors, the

paleo anthropologist shows even a god is a wild x. but in his fields, whether with state of the art lavar tray equipments full in the dusty, savannah is searching for the origin of human kind. and the missing piece of the puzzle, you know, most sapiens, family tree colors or device. i will email you. this is a space allocated to listen to this general consensus that all human beings living on the planet today. we have the origin in africa around 100000 years ago in west to boston, some seo tools, looking for one the see 5, if you goes to the back around 2000000 use, it's a different story south don't polls. could you maybe take that one?

yes. we still don't know exactly where the home a genius image and whether it was 2 or more like 3000000 years ago. us good idea of us to develop the laptop the here in chrome dry, close to johanna. his bag broke all aims to soul based mystery. the scientists ponce of the trade live human kind and the many fossils in this landscape have revealed the story of evolution. it has been listed as a unesco welled. heritage science since 1999 the humanities family tree, bronze, tall from the great shapes 7000000 years ago. we and our ancestors descended from that new genus to home in any one of those

ancestors is aust charla. pensa cuts off whom several skeletons have been found. some of them over 3000000 years old. but about 2000000 years ago, they spaces died out the transition from australia pits because the human still counts as a blind spot in evolutionary history. and no false soul has yet been found from the period between 3 and 2000000 years ago. that will give us any clues but the guy became site manager of the chrome dry archaeological site in south africa in 2002 to try and so phase mystery the, the, at the time the region was mainly living on its reputation loss,

relevant discovery came from the 19 that is the end of the 1st regard to find nothing new, but he doesn't coupon. he trusts his instincts and modern technology. riches some veterans. let's choose the brick off things. chrome dry is much bigger than originally assumed to find new excavation sites. he uses aerial photo grama tree to carry out 3 d survey by combining this and chemical soil analysis, he plans to track down on this carpet false hopes, the identity and the new

survey shows that this sewing on i really task stretch far into the no problem dr. is 5 times as launches originally, so the percentage of pulse on treasure in the unexplored region begins the, the team gathers a launch number of samples. nobody has any idea how significant the new fines will be the to go to. so soon as you get to pieces, i choose from a prime age and i'm already in the joy here. so you don't like see this

even before it's taken out of the ground, it's clear that this is an entire joint present from a home in any. it's extraordinary. i see the lights are off to cancel the cleaning. it becomes clear that this isn't a most perfectly preserved language. all of a child. it's a small sensation. but does it belong to a human child, or an auster le pipkins might even have originated in the mysterious transition period between the 2 general boucher models, i know specializes in medical imaging. he makes a computerized model of the tool to find to moms has drills in them to go to

the donation as a community. what i'm wondering if you were using your data to create a model of the job, the child of come drive with its tooth bones on till 6 called. you know, it's extraordinary up. so we might a no usually the size one. i've never seen anything like this in an auster leviticus. so i'm just touching up. they never have these long, central lateral in sizes hung up on the logo. so suddenly i thought of this backs up my initial impression. question would be good because, you know, let's add some more criteria to make sure this is really a human mandible. dixie adults who can multiply, show me velocity on this cool, nice ceiling only between men. the, the teeth inside the lower jewel have remained unchanged since the death of the

child. the shape and position suggests the genus is home. but from which precise stage of evolution the should be just from the eyes, lane and associates drunk, i guess you can explain digits. what special about the child of crum dry is that it combines modern and primitive characteristics in a way we've never seen before. with such old fossil, or you can see very primitive australia peasy gets characteristics in this i to got that look on either cocktail in time with them. but then we also have very clear human characteristics use, you know, so if the child has been at a bit more mature, a stage of development, we would not have been able to say that essentially you don't have a concurrent increase on the right person left on the call or if it goes right in the fact that it's a small child gives us some key information. these all center is one that we don't yet know what constituted a human from a couple of 1000000 user guidelines. i think it was the way they grew up and but to

be able to say that was such and t, we have to find more human infants from this period. we like this one, the corners on what makes these fine so valuable is it's early stage of development. but it is certain that an image, although a joint will provide indications of this patience. this would not be the case in a fully develop, jones. everything points to the fact that the joy originated in the transition period between australia, pentecost and humans. nope, but no, i think no d b and this is where the problem started with that chrome dry child. we enjoy some of them. most others, not so much. i love this one, but it will still be complicated. we have to date the fossil, especially whether it's older or younger than 2000000 is, is yep. sometimes sudden it's older, but that's not enough. we need proof in front of the police and

everything depends on the fossils age. but 9th, as a dna analysis, know the radio comp and method is able to date such an old pulse. so there's only one thing left to try and determine the age of the soil in which the fossil was found. the, to do this for a gone, put together a team of geologists to look the indications of which era of the soil and tasks the child's jones came from. first, the team has to learn about the composition of the sewing in the new the dunk area . the, the almost square side is voted by limestone. do you see the blocks of weathered weight? yes, totally service. and you said it will go completely way and it will be, you know,

that's what i mean. so we definitely want to and, but it's not 2nd 19 the standing want to is a bit of a mystery as an entire story behind it. a story from the time this child lived in chrome dry. the, the secret lies in the stuck phone, tang caves close to chrome dry. they found little thoughts and these limestone caves, the most complete skeleton of an australia pay because f, a discovered it took several gas to estimate it's age. it was 3700000 years on the home blue cell headed up the team at the time

a new this cave, labrenz edits, history inside out oh no, you don't need to go the tune got dealer thing one year for my son. like what's here? we have small passages but not the creation of the cave, so you can see the process. i see we're below ground water level. so everything is under water. pump the water just slowly and gradually dissolves bits of carbonate and magnesium, sand and anything that dissolves easily is washed out. it typically is when you get this is how lab renting grotto is form and that equal thousands of kilometers long . it's on the dental office to fill sees discoveries from the stuck fontaine caves, false the team in chrome dry to think again. the geologist found the same disintegration process in the rocks of both. okay. so the 2 locations seem to be connected on the ground. the opening to the surface has to be

a remnant of collapsed car adults. that means that the site and come dry was once an underground k, the full protocol and his team. this is an important realization they want to understand when and how the cave filled up. is this the key today doing the child of chrome dry to an indication of the origin of human kind. the

only signals in the goal instead of the spectrum then you said, so we're in one to strip on teens. larger halls individual that's about 30 meters long and 20 meters wide and about 30 meters high. that's exactly the same size as calm, dry of omen. just one, this is interesting because here we have an unfilled caves for 1st we still have a boat separating us from the surface. english. a good 10 meters of rocks are really good. so we have to imagine that geological changes are making the roof thinner, and at some stage it will open stones will fall in soil and also animals that we're finding now as possible. gradually, a pile of rubble will form called tell us like in an hour glass. so to submit to the opening of the tribe, but over thousands of years catches what used to be on the surface one. it's a time capsule of what was happening outside at the time to meet the need. let me more just especially at least tell you the toddlers rises until the opening is clumped again, perhaps due to a collapse. once the whole closes,

everything below it becomes false aligned. at the same time style, it might grow slowly in the case. as soon as the hole reopens a 2nd part of the screen, phones on top of the fast ink from dry to fall and the cave roof was completely eroded. so the screens at the fossils were embedded in was expensed. they'll come around to here we have a snapshot of what come drive must have looked like 45 or 6000000 years ago just before the cube open to the surface of the crystal fuss. at 1st sight, everything seems to come from one's own. but electromagnetic measurements show that there are actually different lands each from a different e polk, the geologist trying to date the lat, in which the human jewel was found. regard hopes to then be able to estimate the

age of the crumb, trying child. because people don't the size of it both in june but teach to full. val specializes in animal fossils. he identifies the type and evolutionary stage of the fragments of the bone fragments help dates the animal species. this is this is a fema from what advisor? yes. for valid thinks this was a small antello from the same period as the child of chrome dry. but walter's done talents easy to what i'm trying to put the puzzle together piece by piece. not from the depth of this animal to today. these fines help us

understand the ecosystem to him in, in a developed with, in the both it fossils suggest open no voided savannah, but that says little about the age of the land, since today's antelope. so too similar to the ancestors to many and years ago to determine the age of the teams, need to find animals whose anatomy has changed to mall. after a few hours, they find a solid block containing fossilized bones of an unknown animal. the full valid, candidly, exposes the sample with a dentist's content. he has to be very careful not to damage the fossil of the 160 down for you. now me sign the best one. i thought it might be

a fee line. pay that uh off the cleaning its i have the complete gums and say, but teeth of a 2000000 year old b line credit. and again, terry and they don't tell you it's the breakthrough. they were hoping for this save the tooth tonga, appeared about 3000000 years ago in africa and died down to about 2000000 years ago . the lay of the animal gums and the child's joel was found in is in fact, from the transition period between australia, pentecost, and human bought the team has to date it even more precisely. the geologists get to work again. they use a static mind from the phone. okay, to measure the time. so what i like the less that i need to come license and this is these, the logmein from chrome dry,

the cradle of humankind. this is the only one we know we're still in place and it can be backdated. and these are the only symbol difficult. and they told me the static mindset foamed from drops containing tiny amounts of uranium. over time, the uranium tends to let the ratio if the 2 elements reveals the age of the stone. the static mind must be between 2 and 2300000 years. so the baton us under the static might, must be owned. this proves that the fossils from the thomas below the static might also mold in 2000000 years old. the found the indications that the child's jewel comes from the transition period from australia pickets to human animal is conducting officer to come

by. so i'm try gives us exactly what we were missing and strict fontaine, are you the connecting piece between australia pit the coast and how many instruct fontaine these layers have been lost due to erosion in chrome drive? they are still there. here we can bring together the links between all the stories from the cradle of human kind. there's also the new discipline, even if it's a spectacular discovery. the challenge of chrome dry is the oldest human child ever excavated. an examination of the lower joint discloses the age of the 1st humans. it also shows as well differentiate them from australia pit that goes on tod, do you $22024.00. so you might don't want his paws. we can count on the fingers of one hand, the number of funds we have from the period before 2 to 3000000 years ago, and never a child and a phone buddy in chrome drive. we have this infant who is showing as what humans would like to me and use it goes to cook pruitt on your mail. yeah. the meal,

the name, or when i see uh send the domain to the office. i thought to the next, it was a funny volume. we made a 3 d image from the data to compare the lower job of a 2 year old today with a chrome dry child and the tongue child dental phone to come by a, a, a, a. they come on and off of the iconic australia basic is child clinic. the tone child was discovered in 1924 in south africa at the time. it was the 1st and only australia pentecost. and it didn't generate much interest since it was thought the parcels of children did not provide much information. it's usually important that regard. however, as it helps to differentiate modern day humans from earlier general, the style of music is child in read, read chrome dry and blue to be true, and that's what it looks like today. we don't have a 60 percent on a few grandparents that he telling me don't want to compare. we can get into about

half of the job here. all the c panel to right, the tongue child really has no chin. it slanted good movie. i'm not receiving chan to whether we are being under the decline, the chrome dry child has quite a vertical profile. very different to this here, when you to the saw know some of us do you, the chain does not receipt as strongly as the tone 1 may remember. lauderdale to send these symptoms. this area is also less broad. so the actual as of today and the more apology of the 2 is one which deepest a lot from the straw that hit it goes. i feel like you've got me the we have a series of characteristics here that suggest it is closer to a modern day child then to in australia. basic is assessing planning when he changes everything. it's much more modern than we thought. you know, don't sound a priest because otherwise focusing on the opposite side of the criteria that defined what humans and now outdated, the young walking upright using tools, the large brain. let's see. now we know the,

the struggle piece. it goes to also use tools and walked up for right most likely to use it also to protect the lodge. brian didn't develop until after the 1st humans appear to say to put museum up there because open today the belief is more that the criteria for the coming human have to do with development. the bio vision, you only depend with the fossil of this insensitive, we are able to answer that for the 1st time 1st through the be all good point from my point, once it gets to the paleo anthropologists realized that this find will revolutionize their research. the problem try, they hope to find out, want originally made humans humans the want, a 3 d images of being analyzed to search for more information, continues that the chrome dry science. the geology provides the researchers with

new details. the cave filled up until the time has reached the ceiling. it's possible that predators been moved in the false holes from the thomas. but probably that pray. and they tell us about the lives that the 1st humans, the scene on subject. yeah. then you know the need to many in years ago we were primarily savages, benefiting from others left of us. and it was at the same time when we what price it was easy to eat to it. i didn't know. so it's exciting to find the remains of ancestors who, what pray. it brings up and you questions around how we continue to develop from and change and from unable to find out more about the 1st humans. the researches look the new phones a comparison. if the 3 jones of the australia pit took us to chrome dry, child, and modern day,

humans alone is not enough to rewrite human history. a comparison is also needed with the run trip us. another home and gene is around for post means alongside humans and is considered close, relative is around the same time as the home of genes. there is disagreement about whether it is and how strong the pip occurs or descends from the 1st. the rancher post was discovered in 1938 close to chrome dry. the previous month, 80 point you bone took. so pretty much show the 1st humans and 1st representatives of the genus a very different from one. another aspect of the parental both has to be kentucky, look facial features as well, with an overdeveloped domestic atory evarado, as it was vegetarian and specialized in consuming hod plans to contribute to the 1st humans of digital studies suggest that they have both plans and meet courtney's

email utilities are so much made, in fact, that traces of it can be found as a g, a chemical signature inside the table, in costs and senior toyota. and you can tell you all they don't simply means, you know, the recall wants to unravel the origins of human kind. to do this, he would have to compare how human children and the rent for best children developed over 2000000 years ago. the problem is that no parental post child has yet been discovered. regard hopes to find one in chrome trying the he brings a specialist on board to find out when to drink and tell him beating the lawyer will use the latest technology to lead him to the right place. she can predict

weather launches, number of fossils to be found. my specific area studies is on the 3 the reconstruction of the site, and understanding special patching. using 3 d does is tire rotation method. visa, actually the fossils whose coldness they have collected using the tests of the station and read you have the buffets and in green you have the humans and in yellow we have kind of was. so what we found some of the 3 d special analysis as that we actually have 4 main testers close to one and to contain the most fossil. so this is the most dense region of the site. the challenge is say destructive process and part of the discovery is destruction. but my focus within my ph. d is to ensure that we can actually preserve data in such

a way that future generations can have an image of what it looked like before. it was removed. compared to the fi 2 times, i think now there's a lot more knowledge and awareness of this and a lot more representation as well. so me, for example, being a black woman studying this. that's very rare. but we are pioneering and opening spaces for us to know our history and disseminated as well. regarding sweat, i'm going locates the highest probability of finding pullman in the fall. so searchable for the most of the default context. this looks like part of a task completely just integrated on presented the most of the walk evolved for the

results. the ivory goes in all directions. a typical fine that tells us absolutely nothing for us to pump it clicked ammonia feel the center delete. it only shows is the inclination angle of the layouts intervals. energy come over here. well, i think we have an inside of the here that's in the opposite direction to the layer with the parenthesis together. tony's if so far, so we, we'd like to visit us. that's clearly not to sound debates, the hypotheses that we have another entrances into another source of materials. here we go. can little told you about this, even older people? yes. ok. that indicates a much longer more complex history. the elephant task is important. talked or it's position at right angles to the out, the finds reveals that it belongs to a different thomas, presumably from another opening in the k for the

this thomas is partially covered by the one that contains the 1st humans and parenthesis. so it's folder. but how exactly the excitement grows. so need, we change this layer is very risky and lose the other parts of buttons don't seem to know what they are. you have to take them out in order to get you. but it's too hard for the tool will need other tools for that. and i'm finally home on the recovering the fossil from the solid ground takes time. but too much air exposure can damage the bones. to avoid this launch blocks that caught up and

taken to the step fontaine navarro. and trey, the fossils are extracted, the vista fontaine land belonged to the wrong clock, the discount for of little foot. he rarely opens his lab, but regardless find awakens his curiosity, the why this piece corresponds to the rights of that space. and so it's, it needs some preparation. yeah. so it does. but wow,

this is all ready taking my interest this doesn't look like a parenthesis. yeah. and at the moment in the matrix, it's that easy. so talked about so if you look at the pre, if you look at the payments, so that doesn't mean to yeah. and also to 50 two's roof. the more i look at this, the more i feel is one of these to the 1st turn now, chrome dry. you have no strong because a single. i'm sure that i'm so pleased for you know, you least i'm pleased for this science because this, this so much to know which of the way these home and it's we're developing and the

different species that exist due to any one time. so world in the last also brings the real sensation from dry is the only site in the well, the present, the transition from ulster pits, it goes towards parenthesis and mind. these are the 3 crucial pieces of the puzzle . to unravel the origin of humankind, set us on a particular, the typically post domestic, this astrology. i think a specimen is very close to the folk and the family tree on the may be one of the last before parenthesis separated from humans. and what so interesting in from dr. is that in the la with this go, we found both the oldest parenthesis and the oldest humans. so it really records the moment when the transition happened to find in those draw the piece. it gives

us that lived well before the split up for parents for this long after that is quite interesting to mount pleasant. the most goals you have, the better. but i'm more interested in the blank page and the history books and the moments when the space is separate. those little moment recessive section. the breakdown knows he's witnessing an historical moment. one that many of his colleagues will envy him for the 3 don't say that we're touching our emphasis here . and the defendants, chrome dry is a time machine. the buckboard is missing one, a central element. what exactly was the difference between human and around trip? as children, 2000000 years ago, he's convinced that this is the key to understanding how humans came to be finding another parental post baby towards the end of the dig seems online click

the well from dr. reveal. it's last secret. after a look, i have the bottom teeth, another row of change. see the progress of those. i got this, i have the in sizes. got plenty of time, but the 1st time we come in, face to face with the parents are both baby hold on. i should close in the every time i'm here, but i hope to find either a human baby or a parenthesis, a whole set and then they develop the whole point of the the you know, the welcome little parental person was up on the controls, will learn a lot from this child when we compare it to which human baby is joel,

we also found among the base of joy is the pinnacle of brick oswick. at last he can compact a run purpose baby with a human baby that he found at the beginning the what kind of parental purpose baby tell us about becoming human welfare. this child listed in use of south african paleo anthropology is the 1st parental boost child school ever discovered worldwide. the i'm at no cost what i can mostly supplement holtzie. i tell you, using a particle accelerators called a synchrotron, we are creating a 3 dimensional x ray image of the inside of the to give us a depos e. she's on the, the vault vocal. she's either email or the space 5 micro meters take structures

correspond to the enamel that is deposited in a baby in 24 hours depos hillman capital, similar to the annual rings of the trees. this ticket, the deposit, the foster, the tooth has grown a ballpark. we found that the teeth of the smoke parenthesis gras significantly faster than the teeth of small human. yes was, you know, it was interesting. i usually guess you do call. we also saw differences in g o. chemistry. it was a short took the ratio of calcium isotopes and the human ad korean surface teeth gave us information about nutrition as the to the form that to you or the form. i sort of said this is important because the isotope ratio changes during the transition from lactation to solid food intake as you also need, just to have to always with the best on a little fed. scroll that exist, includes analysis, show that the parenthesis where we in the very early, just a moment, was that a little bit on the self, probably shortly or a few months of to. but if it's, you know, humans, on the other hand,

we're waiting to much, later. not until about age 3 so, so it does not because the only demo this had implications for social life. since raising a child that was waned, much later required much more effort from the parents and the group. then the child waned earlier. smoldered about you will be the a correlation between the duration of childhood and social structure can already be observed in great takes a connection that may be transferable to the 1st humans. so between the 3 s started the behavior of different primates in the jungle and supports for gone in his analysis. so regardless of the legally. yeah. so the higher she'd go in is williams much earlier than chimpanzee also seem to get as long as the women metabolism focuses on brain development and

cognitive skills on, do you have a key? i think a mess with never been in any capacity, couldn't they learn to walk into crime later or the from showing oakland between white and he's also they have a website down because the young chimpanzee clings to his mother's penny and is completely dependent on how to do the transfer and they have an interest that's looking through the the community helps to defend the youngest son. he does have been doing it because usually a 100 mm hm. go, the younger really is on the other hand, could become independent much any of them. chimpanzees, a fit within any pre pre country to what you might think. this shortens the learning period to earn it. and these aren't even useful busy pools in washington. d. c. chimpanzees, starting to use tools during a longer learning phase. this takes time and this support is the big wireless route

was on a cause at sale. the when i watched him pansies, i feel very close to them. why is that like part of my family? see if i could go to and if you imagine the 1st humans and how they lived together, a noise that was like this. you've also some good people that are more like on the big difference with humans is that the chimpanzees to was remain the same. you to this day and i guess what they pass on the knowledge to the next generation. they pulled up at the moment that there was no progress in the field. no further development of the truly meant some community. and that's probably the difference which human and ethics are in the culture grew steadily as we picked up, the tools i've been to virginia has your water in your classroom. so primitive humans, childhood was much longer than that of the parents for the analogy to today's great types allows conclusions to be drawn about how many

organized society is 2000000 years ago. the 1st groups of people seem to be united by one main. go to protect that off spring. this makes the group vulnerable but apparently favors the policy on a knowledge full. but a guy and he's colleagues, this is the long salt topped a key to being human the these problems at home. sometimes i see it as close as you did you make sure you did. i believe from dry is the proof that human strategy was the better one. since the parents are both disappeared, 1000000 years ago it's going on with the humans, on the other hand, have evolved in an original way, means you compared to the astrology as it goes on and perhaps are busy, i feel the put the human reproductive strategy means giving birth to walk spring that need a lot of energy and attention to develop their brains. this strategy prevails the

data such as you go, it allowed us bases to populate the entire planet i tell me on as descendants of a space is that i am convinced not from already lived as we do. do you on this specified t v, at least as far as the relationship with the children was concerned. alter golf equal sound, a little hoppel via the phone are gone. spectacular, fine spring is closer to our ancestors. the fossil motors show that the secret of our species is the long lactation perry. this evolutionary step is what made the unique development of humans possible. the local towns from the farm in the middle of the german village. pete, the just lives and works here with his team. among 30 officers

love the 3 d w the f b i c i a and most of the have been home for 20 years. the son of a k, a tom lee, the most dangerous time we fund way was sort of the as we say, the poster child for the the profession problem assigned to them. and then it is said, no one has ever seen a stone in the side of the see the towers fugitive right now.

the world smith is dangerous. where is is wanted dogs june 29 on dw the this is dw news live from berlin. geneva is president says he won't be the use board regard. his message came shortly before talks began with e. u. leaders on age and migration. the north african country has become an increasingly important gateway for my friends attempting. the danger is crossing.