[inaudible conversations] including mining processes and domestic supply chains.

>> good morning everyone. welcome to the bipartisan politics center. as you probably on the bipartisan politics center is a mission focused organization that helps policymakers work across party lines to craft bipartisan solutions. by connecting lawmakers across the entire political spectrum delivering data in context, negotiating policy details creating space or bipartisan collaboration. ensures democracy can function on behalf of all americans. i am the director of energy policy and carbon management here at dcc. and the energy program, our focus is on driving energy policy that boosts our economy, ensures energy security, and affordability. and climate change. i'll keep in the u.s. a global leader. today we are here to talk about

which is a verging area of bipartisan interests. we have actually accomplished a fair amount and recent legislation. and there is a lot more to do. we are very lucky to date to deputy secretary of interior. he is back at interior after serving for nearly seven years of the department during the obama/biden including the first director of ocean energy management. as acting assistant secretary and chief of staff to secretary sally. deputy secretary has more than a decade of experience in energy development, environmental conservation and tribal constitution. his board in colorado, raised in alaska. currently resides in washington d.c. with his wife and two children. so welcome, tommy. thank you so much for being here with us.

let's just start this conversation. we are going to go back and forth paying big and broad. we are thinking mining in the future. what is it that makes it different than our conceptions of mining in the past? can you give us insight into how the biden administration is thinking about the future mining in the united states? >> thanks so much dan. once again, thank you for the invitation for this conversation convened. your work is incredible you're one of the most trusted convened errors on policy issues precisely because you bring together folks from the full spectrum. and i really appreciate that. we talked today about mining:

>> under 1872 law, which is as you would imagine, sort of about taking claims and as opposed to the leasing process and so one of the challenges we hand is how we meet the needs of the clean energy economy with with lithium and other materials while managing the potential for a conflict that was including it

in all of the interest they were responsible for help meeting so that's why we in the infrastructure laws well as making this a priority in the administration and which i cochair on the reform and thosee our goals to take advantage of the opportunities we have for reliable source of critical roles of the united states with the partners and of the same time with respect and local communities and tribes is in good stewardship for the

environment and habitat wildlife habitat and part of this thinking hundred is all the issues that we've established a guide of and but only will not saying that you have to revisit the mining laws, you all of the times and maybe every other to see if there is soon the current urgency and priorities. i was very happy to talk about all of that. >> thank you so much of a 1972, 150 years, happy birthday to the writing that is frontally a regulatory regime. i don't make sure that we are putting this all in context of.

the word critical is right there can well could you just talk a little bit about why these minerals are so important to the future of the u.s. and where are the opportunities if we are able to secure domestic sourcing supply chain critical minerals for the dangers if we are not able to. >> one important plans to view is the climate crisis. and the reason that these materials are critical is that they are critical to among other things, clean energy development including boundaries and storage and which is fundamental to unlocking different technologies and electrifying the grade and so when where talking about those types of materials of the

lithium in the cobalt, and other minerals that feed directly into technology and to help address the climate crisis through clean energy management but also economic advantage of the united states and that technological development and this is why secure reliable bio chain on these materials as so important in the united states including in the public land, is blessed with a number of these resources by a lot of these materials are currently being developed by countries that you know are more challenging for us in terms of reliable sourcing and so you have seen sort of a number of

mechanisms that the administration put such a large effort on on the critical minerals in sort of while including last month, the secretary of energy nelly american battery materials initiative which is focused on these issues. that turns to lead managers at the interior department to figure out a path forward 2000 needs to knowledge imperatives is running it but do some of the way that is responsible and the enforcement of the expeditions the local communities. >> right and so you know the song about 1872 went off had my brain i started think about the hills and the mining seems to have changed drastically, we are talking about the things needed

for technology for the clean energy technology of the future and i do people in the energy world have historically focused on reliance on other countries that may not be friendly to the united states in terms of oil supply. as we transition more more into these critical minerals, there needed for technology, right now we have the same dependence like countries like china that's different than the countries in the middle east but they still have a lesson from the relationship with us pretty so can you just talk a little bit about the challenges we could face if we are not able to secure the domestic supply chain whether that is domestic mining, or near shoring trading oil with our allies rather than china. >> absolutely and so the supply

chain is important and one is the greatest and reliability heard there is a significant advantage in the united states and technologies among other th, clean energy and technology but also healthcare and other industrial applications and so this is about -underscore, innovation in the future of the american economy and jobs in supply chains in the united states and so they have they had a pending about how susceptible to disruption because immediately everybody mind goes to the disruption and conflict in eastern europe currently.

but also, the kind of national security and you political concerns about sourcing from less reliable countries such as russia, china etc. and there is also an environmental component to it. the production of these materials and the mining practices, they can be done safely and an environmentally responsible way. but suffice to say that those values and standards are not even across the globe and so part of whatever goals are in this spaces to both in the united states and our partners in north america and other allies to work together to improve the standards for mining

as well as respect to the local indigenous and that is part of what reliable domestic set of principles well sourcing can help accomplish safer and more environmental responsible productions. >> right, so you are talking about geopolitical concerns and national security concerns and also environmental concerns you know domestic economic jobs and growth. to me that sounds like a recipe for bipartisan interest. bipartisan processional which passed last year, created this interagency working for the money reform that you mentioned earlier. that you cochair and you guys have been hosting public listening sessions had houses going. are you think major areas or

friction. >> so, we kicked off this last me. may only about 20 meetings with the public and states and tribes and stakeholders of the spectrum. we've done 30 additional meetings with individuals companies and mining operators as well as environmental ngo and that about 27 - 30 subgroup meetings and will have more details discussions about mining operations and permitting procedures as well as public engagement and so there has been a lot of activity since we've kick this off. a lot of the reason for that is what you touch on in order for

advance, this important activity around domestic sourcing, we need to do better in terms of community engagement and how we go about environmental responsible mining and part of that is hard rock mining in the united states. in going back to the 19th century. because of the current law, from 150 years ago, really is a prospect and out of the public lands make a claim. so that sort of rings this back to the sort of notion of prospectors as well as colonialism to tribal lands and public lands to exploit

resources without benefiting the folks for this is happening. there's just a lot of legacies in there that have to be brought to the surface and then of course in addition to engagement which is foundational, we started to converting that into action by one responsiveness and responsiveness to received but also within our - they demonstrate progress. one example of that is as a tribal nations earlier this month, which brought together tribal leaders from across the country into the washington dc

to meet with senior officials and the secretary collins about it - and one of the things that we talked about was sort of mining the legacy. we've announced changes to our process to help inform tribal governments about mining and exploration activities. on the lanza continue to have significant cultural historical and spiritual importance to them is a we've developed the systems to anoint and identify geographic areas interest to the mining and there are cases where the tribes have opportunities as well and then by the tribal governments early in the process we begin to preplan the

conversations about potential. then, to work with the operators on complications but also on the backend of the reformation work and to provide insurances on essential environments impacts and so that is just one example where we are trying to converge and of the 1872, mining law and sort of authorities of the land managers and the stewards to a system that is more transparent, more engaged and better meets our responsibility both environmental but also the trust and treaty obligations in tribal. >> great and so this working group has been working and i know the bipartisan

intersections law requires a report i suspect many people who are tuned into this event are anxiously awaiting this report. i know five more nights of hanukkah and people are thinking about their stuffings with for christmas and maybe a news your engineers gift and main idea we should be looking out for this report and can you give us a sense of what we expended should expect in it. >> yes, so were going to have the report out in the first quarter of the coming year so santa won't be delivering it next week but we will be delivering it soon 2022, part of the reason why we want to be able to do that is fully capture the input and in addition to the meetings in the conversations.

we've gotten over 20000 public comments and so we are digesting that as well, internally so that our own experts to think about one legislative recommendation and chicago's to be able to pick up this issue but also what we can do in terms of implementation. and predication in that regard and so i testified in front of the senate energy committee last week and had a question about when is the report coming. that is a timeline that i laid out. >> great, so you are talking about actual implementation which is music to my ears. you know what i think about as we need to do, you know there is not a one well action the kind of changes everything in terms

of what else we need to think about you know, permitting process for mining and we need to be thinking about our processing and recycling, royalties and reclamation and community engagement, trade, let's focus for a minute on carpeting you mentioned that before. and the administration and the permitting reform legislation that did not pass in the senate recently but he had a focus on critical minerals. look in your department do through the permitting process to improve things when you need legislation for, to really get the efficiency that we need to have across hundred process accomplishes the dual goals and

enabling us to efficiently mine and what we need for cleaner economy and protecting the environment at the same time. >> so month one example i believe is for which sort of highlights the challenges here in the 1830 mining law is beginning with the obama administration, and the interior department made a huge push and and let folks know on this citing renewable energy projects on public land and the offshore land. one of the keys to the success of those programs is getting projects permitted it is our ability to do this process of front and obama administration since more from the start which

was delivered over what it really meant is what to do of an analysis upfront to say here's the different resource valleys of renewable energies potential but also potential impacts associated with projects. the wildlife the local community impacts in the cultural resources etc. those folks that need to be taken into consideration. by doing that, we are actually able to accelerate process development of because we sort of frontloaded when community engagement but also the infliction so we've seen a lot of successful fundamentally we don't have that program for hard

rock mining. survivor josie the report to give us well so that we can run it and after that, where sort of digging through we can do within our authorities but also - including working with cesar weston so where what we have done with the u.s. geological survey and others resources and eras where the potential one of the other values that are potential in conflict. and proactive and more voluntary ways and also a formal program pretty is a that's where you see

sort of this permitting side. to be admissible in all of this and hopefully with additional authorities and even without authorities to and the have developed over the past couple of centuries here but also what was talked about in terms of you know, this imperative. >> all right, hey one last question for you and i know you gotta run the next thing. you talked about geopolitics and we have talked about climate change, clean energy, we talked about community engagement and we've talked about regulation it in preventing pretty i like to end the discussion about talking about jobs, we need a workforce for this heavy of that workforcn place. what kind of jobs do they pay

well, do we need more training. where should we be focusing on in terms of the actual people aspect of this industry. >> so there is no a industry in the united states as well as internationally for hard rock mining. there are job and economic opportunities osha printed associated with these projects, the mining projects themselves. where we really see the multiplier effect if you will, from this activity is supporting that entire supply chain and associated with tech and bio tech as well as clean energy to be able to have reliable sourcing to those industries as

well. so the mining sector, and provides opportunity you know as within these sort of industrial development and a lot associated with that and the jobs in the rural communities of law and where a lot of this takes place but even more so, fitting into the supply chain and emerging industries we see you united states having a comparative advantage on the global stage card so yes, mining is really love multiplier effect in domestic sourcing and reliable supply chain. and unleashing a number of different sectors. >> so deputy secretary bejarano,

thank you so much for your insight and your focus on this and you know is clear that the administration is focused here and it is real bipartisan potential for action and i just wanted to say thank you if you closing thought that would be great time in half this i will turn it over to the pedal. >> and so again, thank you so much and i hope everybody enjoyed the conversation today and this is one of the top issues facing our country right now because it is so fundamental among other things with the climate crisis and so thank you to the center for convening experts to have this conversation and i agree totally that this is an area where one of the challenges, there's a lot to pull together pretty so thank you and please enjoy the rest of the conference were looking fors

conversation. >> breaks, and think you so much and la will turn it over to my colleague and my friend, doctor danny to introduce her next panel. >> thank you, and thank you deputy secretary to your leadership reported transition to the innovation panel now. when an italian senior policy analyst here and had the pleasure of moderating this panel here today. the previous check, as he touched on, shifting to a clean energy economy will required to run a dramatic increase of critical minerals in addressing supply chain minerals means of u.s. need to refocus efforts of durables watching that includes mark messick mining efforts is important another technology in the framework for the modern mining industry are very different than mining efforts in the past has fellows here to explore how and why. as are just a few minutes, i'm going to start to moderate the

discussion and i want our listeners to know have time for audience question store sandwich again seventh of the youtube check or by tweeting the # and so before i get into questions i want to quickly introduce our panelists. first we have abigail wolf, who is the vice president and director for strategy and insulating think tank here in dc for vote and focus on energy transmission policies and little bowstring americans economic and national security interests printed in a demo she leaves sinners efforts to secure responsible supply chains to critical minerals and journals necessary for energy and technology divisions of the future. >> is good to have you have a. >> i simply have tyree ready to present to the mining association where he serves as a public - nevada's modern mining industries and goal of educating citizens about the importance of domestic money to achieve a nations green energy vision

advocate for policies that emphasize environmentally responsible and sustainable mining activities within nevada and around pretty and todd is her last but not least panelists, eddie he is the chief external affairs officer and had - base metals company joint venture to explore hybrid copper cobalt project located in minnesota and sternal engagement and climate strategy and operational missions and energy, and the rain nickel product franchise welcome to todd card getting up for questions now, and will start with happy and abby, spent a lot of work in space including developing a comprehensive critical minerals strategy for the u.s., thinking you tell us a bit about safe work hand major organizational

views are around the most promising direction to go down for money the future. >> absolutely, had thank you so much danny for having me here today is really an honor to be on this panel with my esteemed colleagues here today and i'm really grateful to be here for the secretary's remarks earlier and so safe, that is a bipartisan nonprofit organization mission driven, we really started in an attempt to diversify our energy and transportation fuel sources for the transportation sector and then an attempt to get away from our overreliance on oil which as we've seen most recently, can be manipulated with the prices either through geopolitical conflict has russia's invasion of ukraine, the work in ukraine is shown up but also through affect related oil market and so since the early 2000, we really been pushing for the diversification of the fuel sources for the transportation sector including electric

stations, but we also noted that as we have been pushing for this writer electrification in the election from transportation sector we might be in a vertically pushing yourself into another real dependency when it comes to critical minerals so i changed the complete dominance by the chinese communist party all of the way from mining to processing to battery manufacturing and even recycling so our focus is really from a national economic security lens i want to make sure that our supply chains for the minerals of the future which are as deputy secretary made out, critical for everything from batteries, and in our very importantly the automotive sector to make sure that our key industries that make up the backbone of our economy here in the united states, our tech driven in the camp used as political bonds. ...

hints there about what mining in the u.s. should can look like. so now i want to tyree who puts a face on that effort. so this event is focused on tells about nevada's history and what nevada mining association has done to ensure good morning

such a pleasure to be here. thank you for the opportunity come in here and speak to you little bit today. i think it's important to recognize if you care about the environment for you have a social conscience, you want to mining to happen in nevada across the u.s. abby pointed to some of those talking points. the fact is wherever we are currently sourcing the vast majority of our minerals are from countries and/or states that are not doing it the right way. and we do it here the right way in nevada. and frankly crossing the u.s. the mining -- mike i do not want to lead people the impression the only piece of regulation that applies the mining industry was actually written within the 1800s. we know every piece of legislation have come to bear over the last 50 or 60 years all

applies to mining whether it's the clean air act, resource conservation, i can go on. we want to make sure people have an understanding that though there's an 1872 mining law that deals with land use, the environmental side of mining is a very well regulated. in fact here in nevada there over 20 different agencies if you count the federal agencies that have some level of oversight in mining. on so to talk a little bit about nevada's history in mining and where we are going into the future that dates back until about 1865 when the state actually became a state. in a one of the things i tell people all the time is i make no excuses for what happened in the 1860s let alone the 1960s from an operations perspective and or

a social perspective it. we would not having these conversations frankly today. as a conscious of the united states the business operations have evolved i think it's important we incorporate that technology. the way we do things today just differs. in nevada there is roughly 40000 people that rely on the mining supply chain. one of the things i frequently will say just to illustrate for people is when we are talking about green technology and worth where we are heading in the future, talking about everything without thinking about judgment talking up particular minerals is kind of like talking about peanut butter and jelly sandwich without thinking about the bread. but you have to have base minerals. when you look at a gas tv versus gas powered vehicle's point of

difference in the construction except for how we decide to power that vehicle. on it many cases that vehicle requires a more copper, more of the base minerals gold and silver and things like that. those minerals are helpful in our transition as well. i do not want it to focus on a certain set of minerals but really address the whole suite of minerals. look at nevada's mining structure we have that smart from the start idea which the secretary was speaking about. before a single shovel hits the ground here in nevada you have to plan for reclamation, closure. we have to think about how you're going to return that mindset as close as possible to its original landscape and makeup. you also have to pay a bond to make sure you cover the reclamation costs. if you can just think about everybody on this panel helps

help fleet most of are old nostrum or kmart. think about if kmart had an end plan and set aside money for its eventual demise. again we would not building structures around because there be a requirement to turn them back into public land use. i'm excited to have a conversation around the panel. i do not want to take too long i will finish as i start up if you care about the environment care what's happening socially. you want mining to happen here in the u.s. proxy extremely well put tyree. cannot resist a great sheet pb&j opponent. will transition to todd now critical minerals of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich maybe it's the milk to support the

digestion of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. [laughter] so todd, tom metals has a number of innovative and processing efforts underway. for funding under the law. on the innovative approaches we should be looking towards? work sure, happy too. i really agree with tyre and abby's comments earlier. i'll see if i can come up with a really good metaphor have to with tyre out of the west coast and the sun is coming up the subtle solar panel upon my head. [laughter] trying to demonstrate that the united states has significant battery material resources within its mineral endowment. we have a group of 51 occult nickel hunters base in central minnesota that are out there

looking to make sure that we can actually try to identify the high-grade nickel deposits we found minnesota. you also see this in michigan the eagle mine is the only high-grade nickel deposit that's actually now being mind. but unfortunately because we did not have the processing the united states that nickel has to be sent to canada and then onto norway to end up at the battery grade level. the bipartisan infrastructure law and the ira. we now have the wherewithal. phil this consensus for the supply chain from china. and have it be a domestic and allied base supply chain.

it is really remarkable to have this consensus in congress. and with the administration about that imperative but they're putting resources on the table we're fortunate enough to be selected for one of the first awards that battery processing area that mineral processing area in the infra structure law we are one of 20 companies that were selected. we are building a nickel processing facility as well as other products. cobalt and platinum metals that are in our core body in minnesota. we are going to process that in north dakota. a couple comments here the u.s. does have very significant resources in the supply chain. i'll have to look at the u.s.

geological survey's recent reports understand u.s. actually has quite a bit of what we need in the ground. it's getting it out and doing it responsibly. and then the capability to do it here. one of things i will talk about and minnesota we are fortunate of is we have high grades up to 12% nickel and what we are seeing in our core samples. what is the public care about high-grade? that means high concentration. we can actually go after in an underground mine very selectively and conservatively grab the hybrid material. take it out in a responsible way and still make sure we are protecting the environment. some of what the united states has is not only just the right materials but in a form that is really quite helpful to making

sure we disturb the land as little as possible. we are really excited about the prospect of building a self-sufficient nickel supply chain in the united states with our partners at tesla we haven't off ticket will announce earlier this year but we're excited to prove the united states as a wherewithal and the geology to be able to go toe to toe with china. it works great. just a little bit on selectively target engineering making sure you get more with less. that's super exciting area for innovation in the space. another area i think a lot about it some people think of mining operations they tend to think of these huge open pit mines and take up a huge geographical footprint. but there's actually a lot of innovative approaches that can

make use of older mines that have been closed up. a question maybe for tyre, could you tells a bit about efforts in nevada to green mine or produce more from dormant mine plates? hugs i'm happy to discuss that. you look rich history of mining in nevada there allows for reimagining of an industry that existed before modern technology. the ability to use prior mining activity where that be from reclamation side and or to remind something that's truly exciting. because the technology of yesterday from extraction point there are opportunities which you could potentially extract at a greater level than you did in the minds of up in the early 1900s or whatever the case because our technology did not

exist. speaking about that technology is a wonderful opportunity to piggyback on with the assistant secretary said not jobs in the mining sector but actually careers. in nevada the mining sector has the highest salary wages of any industry within the states. we have a payroll of close to $3 billion. we only have about 3 million people in nevada we are relatively small. people think about las vegas i think about nevada. there are 15 other counties that exist within the state that rely on mining. it's really its bread and butter if you will. we look at a reminding effort the ability to remind you. and also reclaim old sites. we talk about possible legislative changes could happen

around there this unique opportunity to consider good samaritan legislation that allows for companies to go into old sites and see if there's anything of value but not necessarily take on responsibility for actions that may have happened. again our technology is different today our ability to equip every is you can think about on a mind site. make sure we go out and recruit a young energetic workforce. that's a great opportunity for you to be at the table and help to ensure mining activities going on in what you can support

and away you you can be proud of as american. clock to test a but there are good samaritan legislation is a bipartisan bill the senate and it totally agreed a great area for bipartisan progress potentially the next congress. so in a second we will transition to audience q and a. keep dropping the questions. maybe one last question i will target what other should we haven't mentioned here today that we could maybe touch on? >> a lot of different things the r&d space are making me really excited. to touch on them a little bit we talk about processing existing mine waste. but a lot of that is happening in the processing space.

and also the focus on -- in the past you'd have your coppermine or your nickel line or something. now we are really focus on what are the trace element you can also get out of those mines. beginning lithium out of the mind you have told laurie and being mind out of it coppermine. what are the other things you could be extracting simultaneously and make it more economic for companies to do that too. but the advances in processing are big did the other thing gets me excited as a geology nerd on the advances in mapping that we've been sent using really sexy things like artificial intelligence, machine learning to try to find the high-value and high grade concentrated. one of things we do not really have in the united states is a very good sense of exactly what our mineral potential is where

the reserves really are. the reserves are known economic process it was not until the bipartisan infrastructure law that the u.s. geological survey was given an additional boost to go out and find a map of our so we can make better land use cleaning decisions. finally returned but disturbing the land as little as possible the particular chemistry of deposit or the type of element you are after. what that involves is no land disturbance at all. they put a couple wells in and inject a fairly benign solution and resolve the metal within the ground and pump it back out. associated with that very little land disturbance associated with that.

with intense water monitoring making sure everything is supposed to be as it is outside the site of the mind. the advances in recycling two. any advances and make it mineral processing makes this point is in advance and a battery recycling as well. brought minerals processing and spent battery recycling are two sides of the same coin. they got to the exact same chemical processes to a meltdown and isolate those materials we are trying to get at. so any advances in one will be that advanced to the other part is a lot of innovative companies right now looking for ways or less energy intensive, have less affluent at the end. that is all very exciting. >> thank you. now transitioning to few minutes of audience q&a we received a question or two about the

community engagement component of this. this is something we heard deputy secretary and we all know it's a key priority for the biden administration. projects funded by the federal government will need to be held in high standards of communication. maybe i will point towards tyre. could you give us an example is from nevada to improve the engagement process of mining? there's relevant tribes that you care a lot about. could you give us some examples there? >> happy to speak about that. nevada is unique we are roughly 80% federally controlled. it's important to establish relationships with our neighbors. they are neighbors were written to operate. nearly every mining operation that a member of the nevada mining association has a tribal

person on staff. even the association itself has a sub community we are engaged in conversation with tribal leaders on a day-to-day basis. but no two people ever see -- think alike. but for conversations that's the only way we are able to get these sovereign nations to support our programs. some of the ways in which you do that is community benefit agreements. there also needs to be a recognition that in most areas were mining happens wartime but relatively economically depressed areas. being able to work and workforce development bring in opportunities not just for work but contracting small business ownership, infrastructure projects, hotels, different things like that. again that tide that lifts all ships and areas.

for us it's important for having those conversations. particularly myself. i go out and visit with tribes relatively frequently. again, because of the permitting process be looked at the permitting process it takes a long, what can happen is by the time a public is made aware of the permitting process, the permitting process could be eight years in practice. so there could have been conversations that happened eight years ago that consider our system of government there's a conversation happened eight years ago we would be talking to different leadership. along the way i think there's important a level of consistency to speed up the permitting process so you are having conversations with the people who are still leadership by the time the project comes along. please know for any of you who have any concerns here in nevada we are having those conversations we are working

diligently to make sure people are engaged. again from the start of the project not is when the rod is pulled. >> excellent, great points there. it is an ongoing process needs to be continual engagement with the communities. visio knelt on the panel have reflections on this, todd? >> have loved to chip in on this and i completely agree. our instance one of things we have been doing for a number of years now is quarterly community meetings coupled with an open door policy were people in the community can stop in and have questions. we are trying to also be out in the community and available to answer questions. and also it's important to be an incredibly good listener. think about what people are saying their concerns are. in our area in central minnesota divert water rich environment.

they do not call minister of the land of 10,000 lakes for nothing. we got a lot of feedback from the community they were worried about being processed and being stored in that area. we can't help root mother nature puts a high grade deposits but can think about different ways of approaching processing. but we ended up doing and this may only resolve some concerns on all concerned about mining in that region into an industrial site in north dakota. the idea of being a good listener and taking action on people's concerns of something than mining industry on

sovereign governments and first nations, one thing people should keep in mind is canada has really interesting area of practice with first nation governments and first nation companies. not only engaging and making sure that mining is not going to negatively affect the economy or the environment. but asking for and taking a seat on the economic projects. as you tribal governments and candidate now actually taking equity stakes and projects. or requiring certain specific and measurable for training. or procurements. i think the united states can learn a lot from canada in terms of how tribes are getting

involved and not just the regulatory assurance of environmental protection, but also getting a place in the economics of a project two. i think that's very important thing president biden will be very strong on this in terms of emphasizing he wants tribes to be part of the energy transition and part of the benefits. not just part of the due diligence. >> thank you tod. we are reaching the end of the hour here. but i will summarize sort of a number of questions we've gotten around sort of policy challenges pretty touch a little bit on policy. going into the wetted 18 congress is a lot of opportunities here. i might ask eight lightning round question in the last minute we have maybe 20 -- 30 seconds on where you see the lowest hanging fruit on policy? abby, tyre, then todd protects lowest hanging fruit, oh man.

i think is been a couple bills of already been introduced what should be passed and built upon. we have been talking about how to make mining more responsible. a lot of that has to do with money. a lot of it has to do with the defense doing things properly. michelle smith think about incentivizing one piece that's missing talk about recycles secretary woodrow talked about the working group for responsible mining. we need forcible mechanisms. so a sanctionable trade deals among our allies would be one way that we could do that. >> thanks abby, tyre?

>> i could sum it up in like two high-level principles. number one, supply chain. i think it's important to recognize right now we are mining and minerals in nevada and across the u.s. we are needing to ship them elsewhere to be processed. we need to pay attention to that supply chain in the smelting process. getting into battery grade or getting into commercial grade. that is important. the seconds i will say is permitting. again from an economic perspective it cannot take 10 years. by the time that mine comes online needs have completely shifted and changed. look at a project like lithium of america but it's been in a for eight -- 10 years. had it always been online say for instance five years ago it hard to be meeting some of the demand to help to lessen our dependence on other countries.

i really a focus on those two areas of making sure our supply chain is robust. but also making sure the permitting process is streamlined so we can actually get the help in the critical minerals we need in order to transition. i encourage anybody pretty if you have any questions about what we are doing in nevada please take a look at our website nevada mining.org. we are happy we have all of the information you could ever want on that site about what we're doing here in nevada. what he thanks some of the things are doing nationally. >> thanks tyre and todd? >> real quickly i think the most important thing will be the implementation of the ira. in the tax incentives that are built into the ira. there are some trying to i think undermine the intense of the ira and tried to undermine the

benefits that are intended to build up the domestic supply chain and strengthen domestic mining. and i really hope the treasury department, the ira the biting menstruation reject those efforts but is not the intent of congress to help the russian or indonesia mining industry. and depending on how that law is implemented, that could be the effect and that would be a real shame. we want a robust supply chain. what automakers to sell more tvs. but the intent of the law was to get the full supply chain up and running through recycling. we need to make sure that law is implemented faithfully. >> oh wonderful. thanks todd, thank you abie avenue eight thank tyre. reach the time of the hour of this discussion on help mining can be different should be

different than mining in the past for a lot of exciting innovations discussed here today. again thank you to analyst, thank you to deputy secretary for his work here today. confirm