this. >> george wallace audience growing in size and. >> there is advantages to being an under dog. >> police all over the place there is a big fray in here. >> this is the mood of the convention on the floor. >> thousands of young people are being beaten and the face of the title. . ♪ hello darkness my old friend [ applause ] ♪ ♪ i've come to talk to you again. the enemy is not beaten but he has met his match in the field. >> i'd like to say hi to mom at ho i know she is worried aut

me. hello, mom. >> ♪ ♪ and the vision that was planted in my brain. >> diana ross. >> everybody knows diana ross. >> you are how many years old. >> 23 years old forever and ever. >> we are planning simultaneous action in many cities. >> today i state that i am a candidate for president of the united states. >> i want to kpirm that i will be in the new hampshire primary. >> and i think we have to support the president and the administration. ♪ ♪ and whispered in the sounds of

silence ♪ [ applause ] >> mr. speaker, mr. president, members of the congress and my fellow americans i was thinking as i was walking down the aisle there tonight of what sam ray burn told me years ago that congress always extends a warm welcome to the president as he comes in. >> as 1967 faded into 1968, lyndon johnson knew he had compiled one of the most important presidencies for domestic policy in history. >> our food programs have helped millions avoid of horrors of famine and last year medicare

and medicaid brought better health to more than 25 million americans. >> also at great period in which he passed all the landmark civil rights legislation dismantling institutionalized racism would give him a place in history. >> no tree in the for the state for et as lincoln lyndon wron johnson. >> if ever there was a nation capable of solving the problems it's this nation. >> he was driven by this idea to be top dog. that's how he felt about vietnam. >> since i reported to you last january, the nem has been defeated in battle after battle. >> he knew all of that would make him a cdidate for some future mount rush more but he knew he was unlikely to be on any future mount rush more because of the vietnam war.

this was the frustration that made lyndon johnson's fingernails sweat. >> b-52 bombers made attacks at casson. >> unup in the northern western corner of south veem. >> 6,000 american marines and 500 south veet namtz rangers are surrounded by 40,000 communist troops. >> and general west moreland says this is great, the culminating battle we wanted. >> johnson is very worried that the outcome of this bolts could change the outcome of the war. >> the eyes of the nation and of all history itself are on that little brave band of defenders at casson and the area that is

around it. >> it's hard for me to imagine that the 60s would have turned out the which they did had there been no war in vietnam. >> they raised their voices, plaquerds and march against the government. >> 1968 is the culminating moment for a generation of young people who really couldn't understand with so much unrest at hoeft why there was so many resources going to the vietnam war. >> i had a big sign on the bulletin board that said alienation is when your country is at yar and you want the other side to win. >> to understand the passion behind the anti-war movement you have to keep in mind that the united states had a draft at the time, that every year young men were waiting to find out would their number be the number that's chosen for service.

>> president johnson ordered another 10,500 men sent to the war. >> and there was a sense if you weren't chosen your friends were. you're in it together as a generation. >> in the beginning it was said we were simply sustaining and strengthening south vietnam well the early escalation did not satisfy that and the ob objective was extended to include nation building in south vietnam. and we were told we were saving all of south eastern asia. >> eugene mccarthy was a senator from minnesota who entered the new hampshire primaries as an anti-war candidate and the young people flocked to his banner. cut hair off put on clean clothes. they were going clean for gene. >> it's crucial you pay crossattention to the appearance you are presenting. >> good afternoon we are

representing senator mccarthy seeking the democratic nomination for president. >> when mccarthy chose to be a candidate i dropped out at the end of the first semester and went to work for the campaign. the issue was vietnam. >> you have to say that this war has gone too far. >> what makes 1968 such a pivot alyear in american history is that an incumbent president couldn't hold his party together. >> there there be a split in the democratic party they're getting vocal saying if the king republicanings nominate a liberal or moderate and the conservatives will support lyndon johnson? that possible. >> yes. >> is that possible? >> yes. [ laughter ] flonase sensimist.

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now here is nbc news correspondent frank mcgee. >> the new communist campaign in vietnam continues just after midnight their time a band of viet cong raiders blue up two police stations in sighingen. at the old imperial capitol hundred miles north the viet cong hold the town zplo there was a yask put up on the screen, the cartoon explosions all over the little strip of a country on the other side of the world. >> it all amounts to the most ambitious series of communist attacks mounted spreading violence to at least 10 prove inks capitols strength the

length of the country. >> for a carrier that was to be a grand sophisticated exciting year it was redefined literally in 48 hours by tet. >> the attacks on the night of the 31st were really my first exposure to major combat. initial reports were clouded and we couldn't really get a good grasp what was happening except something was happening all over vietnam. >> this is the main vietnamese language radio station. >> sighingen airport, heavy casualties in south vietnam. >> hearing the rounds flying low overhead. >> the tet offensive simultaneous attacks on every city and town in south vietnam shocked the american people. >> the enemy very deceasefully has taken advantage of the tet truce and in order to create

maximum cost ternation within south vietnam in the populated areas. >> every year there was a cease fire on the lunar holiday known at tet they believed that was the same thing that year but that didn't happen. >> these are american military combat police and troops from the 101s airborne division. >> viet cong sniepers and suicide commandos holed up inside the embassy compound and firing from surrounding buildings. >> now cia men and mps went into the embassy trying to get the sniepers out by themselves. >> military police got back into the compound of the 2.5 million embassy complex at down. the fighting went on a total of six hours before the last neen viet cong raider was killed with

the small residents to the mission coordinator george jacobson was hiding out alean lone all more than. >> you had quite a escape. >> they put riot gas into the bottom floors of my house which would drive everybody down below where i was they threw me a pistol ten minutes before this occurred. and with all the luck i've had all my life i got him before he got me. i'm sorry. >> he had what. >> an m 16. >> and you got him. >> that really scared people because that showed americans being attacked, the marines unable to defend the embassy. in reality they did defend the embassy. they killed them and drove them back but it's not the way it looked on tv. and then at the same time the destrun of this beautiful ent city of whaey and my

god, what are we doing here? >> it's been like this all weekend in hue. one nasty firefighter after another. rounds going overhead. a fire fight across the perfume river what do you think of at a time like this. >> keeping down bullets flying too fast. >> we weren't compared for the combat in the urban area. we to use the marine corps phrase to adapt and overcome and identify the challenges we had. how do you cross a street and attack the fortified position which is a home. >> what are your men about to do. >> i have two companies about to clear the next two blocks up. >> what kind of feeting is it. >> it's house to house and room to room. >> have you ever expected to experience this kind of street fighting in vietnam.

>> no, i didn't. this is the first time the marine corps has street fighting since seoul in 19 eye. >> the north vietnamese political and military leadership believed large scale military action in the cities will stimulate a popular uprising and make the american position in south vietnam untenable. >> apparently hope that when his troops mangle with the female intimated them thosed them that they would join the ranks. >> but the south veet namtz don't rise up. >> the biggest fact is that the stated purposes of the general uprising, a military victory or psychological victory have failed. >> the tet may have been a huge military defense for the north vietnamese but psychologically it was an ee normtz victory because it suggested this war had no end.

>> he lost a lot of people. we probably have to drop back today and regroup. >> how do you feel yourself? >> scared, i guess. but i'm hoping we're going to drop back and regroup because i lost my engineer and need a man to help me on my job. >> there was something deeply corrupt and even evil in our involvement. and i'll tell you the moment that defined tet all over the world, it was the moment when the general chief of police of the sighingen police department pulled out a snub nose.38 roifr and held it up to the temple of the viet cong and shot him, bang eddie adams of the ap took the picture. it was the next day all over the world. and it was injected right into the center of the american brain and it made americans feel

morally unclean. can it be that we who are the most idealistic people in the world -- can it be that we are actually evil? that was what tet did. >> awful sick of it i'll be so glad to go home. i don't know. it's the worst area we've been in since i've been in vietnam. >> do you think it's worth it. >> i don't know they say we're fighting for something. i don't know. wait, i have something for you! every stay is a special stay at holiday inn. save up to 15% when you book early at hollidayinn.com

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1,000 striking sanitation workers marched and memphis city hall this afternoon and demanded mayor henry loge hear grievances. >> on a day two sanitation workers were crushed in a sanitation truck. the people of memphis didn't want to see sanitation works the rain was so bad and they got back into the back of the truck and a broom fell on the leave and compacted them and killed

them >> the situation in memphis was local. that sense they were desperate led them to accept the conditions until they got to be intolerable and then they went on strike. >> the garbage collectors predominately negr want higher pay. >> public employees cannot strike. i suggest you go back to work. >> police used riot control gas and night stick its to break up a disturbance against the striking garbageman. >> over a thousand of us weres maced and marched up here. it was broken up. that became the cry essentially for the entire negro community to say the fight was on. >> i saw the strike as part of the emerging movement of non-violence in the united states. and that's the way king saw it as well. >> the vast majority of negros

in our country are still perishing on a lonely island of poverty in a vast ocean of material prosperity. it is criminal to have people working a full-time job getting part time income. >> i think king was ipired by that movement. and he saw that as a poor people's movement. >> we are poverty stricken. and we have been at the bottom too long. >> it's always hard to be martin luther king but it was really hard in 1967-68. he had alienated many of the moderately conservative white allies op by the aattack on the war in vietnam >> stom the bombing and stop the war. >> on the other hand, his

continued insistence on non-violence alienated from many activists who felt that non-violence had run its course. >> is this what you want to do destroy the krooch. >> you want to destroy who. >> you and a whole bunch of others like you anybody getting in our way >> people tarting to say we aren't getting our rights. we're building black power, build black companies, black organizations have our own power center. >> black power, black power, my friends mean that is we are developing now a new breed of cats. >> this is what spurred stocker car michael. >> the major nem is the honky on the institutions. >> this is what spurred the black panther party to organized. >> the people who control the

power structure. >> there was a sea change in the civil rights movements and goal that is impacts the black perspective played out every day in american >>. ♪ ♪ >> say it loud and i'm black and proud. >> there was no ambiguity there. this is a civil rights anthem a black power anthem. >> i want you to know i'm a man, a black man. >> james brown had been the dominant black musical figure he was the best showman by far in a genre of music. he took over righted stations. >> this is tony scott, a james brown station. >> he was the hardest working man in show business and soul brother number one. >> black and tall. >> mr. brown is number one soul

brother, united states. >> there was no question that sly stone was influenced by james brown. but sly was different there were women and the band was integrated. that was a big deal. ♪ >> sly stone is a product of the black church and also a child of the bay area which is incredibly progressive politics and also a radio dj. there was no show better no band more interesting. he was writing hit after hit song ♪ >> sly came out with haight ash bury pitcher outfits it was over. every r and b group had to flip >>. >> in 1968 the supremes put out love child. it's the whole idea what it's like to grow up in the teent. >> i started my old in a cold

run dow ten a meant slum. ♪ >> i share the guilt my mama knew so afraid i missed you i had no name. >> diana ross is ink singing this. for the supremes this is a darker mature album sing singing about social issues. mow town for that was a big step. >> love child. ♪ e has leather seats! use the cars.com app to compare price, features and value.

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have you thought about graduate school? >> no. >> would you mind telling me, then, what those four years of college were for? what was the point of all that hard work. >> you got me. >> the graduate is probably the most important movie of the '60s? maybe it's the best movie of the '60s? the pervasive sense of alienation of not being at one with the world around you that's the idea of the '60s. and that's the crucial idea of 1968. >> now you know we are just about the friendliest folks you ever want to meet. >> in bonnie and collide warren

beatty and fay done aaway play this incredibly attractive couple robbing banks is sort of a sexual sup limbation. people didn't know how to take it so it was rereleased in early 1968. >> armed robbery. >> it had a tone that challenged people that they hadn't seen in a film before. this was a movie that change the way people regarded how the movies were done. >> so we go to see planet of the apes in all black theet ner brooklyn. and we're having the best time because we identified with the apes. hell, yeah. charlton heft hess ton. >> he lands on this planet and he realizes the planet is literally a planet of the apes. the apes are in charge.

>> take your paws off me you damn dirty ape. >> charlton heften has to confront the tragedy of a broken siflgs. >> you're maniac. you blew it up. damn you. god damn you all to hell. >> it captured something deep in the psyche of america in a year when the cities were falling apart. >> please go in our homes. please go in your homes. >> in 1965 after the civil rights and voting rights acts pass the. you have the watts riots. and then the '66 and '67 in newa newark, in in zroit, dozens of people are killed and johnson is chagrinned and says look what i have done for the blacks why are

they doing this to me. >> there had to be a response to that by the establishment and that led to the kerner commission. >> we need to know the answer to three questions about the riots, what happened, why did it happen, what can be done to prevent it from happening again and again? >> now, asking the question and accepting the answer are two different things. and they didn't like the answer. >> for the last few day this is country lived under indictment, a charge of white racism national in scale terrible in effects. the evidence to support that charge has now been presented in the text of a report released just last night. our nation says the report is moving toward two separate societies, black and white, separate by unequal. >> get your hands up. >> we told people with the civil

rights act we'd have more freedom when you give people hope and you don't fulfill that hope then you are more likely to have problems. >> every time i come to town you overcharge me for everything i get. and how in the world do you expect me to get it and you go see yourself now that's what make criminals out of people. you not going to give them nothing just enough to keep your eating. i eat breakfast this morning. i don't know where dinner coming from. how do you think i feel? >> in 12 out of 24 riots studied by the commission the park that touched off disorder was a violent response of the institutions. >> the answer was that american institutions created this and that it was going to take a lot of resources to deal with it. >> if the police in this country could just run it for two years then we could walk in the parks and on the streets.

>> george wallace is a southern segregationist politician and former democrat and runs for president as a independent and taps the deep well springs of american rage and reaction. >> well, i think that the negro no doubt about it has got out of hand. and i think wallace will enforce law and order. >> you can see character in his eyes. back ehas a loyal spunk, back bone. >> wallace realized if you could remove ovoter racism from conservativism lots of americans would go for it because they were tired of the rights revolution. it was too much change for them too fast. >> well let's come to the a basic question. would you let your daughter marry a negro. >> i don't even want to get into a discussion of race because the most important thing is maintaining law and order race

relations working themselves out i am candid and on it i don't think it's good for either race. the races ought to remain intact. >> one of the most astute men in the field of politics and world affairs, the former vice president of the united states, richard m. nixon. >> it's an open question whether richard nixon can win anything. >> you have the stigma as a looser. >> yes. >> because of losing two big contesting. how do you plan to combat that. >> the way you combat it is to win something. >> nixon lost two big elections to jack kennedy and lost to pat brown in california and people would say the guy is a politically looser talented yes but a looser. >> america will be watching march 12th let the message go out from new hampshire that people of new hampshire want a change and american will have a change in november 37 thank you. >> television is a vital

political meeting place. to be successful a candidate must use the medium and use it well. richard nicken prefers informal no holds barred discussions. >> new hampshire was the first time we saw a new innovation in televised campaigning. richard nixon's aides would gagts era group of ordinary citizens and have them instead of media asking questions. >> any further questions. >> and they made it look like richard nixon was this brave truth teller willing to face down any critic when in fact it was completely stage. >> he discusses the issues with citizens of new hampshire. >> lawlessness. crime. is a major problem in this country today. and we talk about civil rights, you know what the most important civil right in this country is, it's the right to be safe in the streets, to be safe in your home. >> nixon's campaign in new hampshire was a classic.

>> nixon from way back. >> there was a new nixon the reporters were saying, much better disciplined. he also is more relaxed. he takes criticism well. >> i plan to shake lot of hands and i have aood strg hand and i also like to talk to people. >> the intelligence of the old nixon combined with the better behavior and outlook of the new nixon. that's the candidate in '68. >> i am myself if people looking at me say that's a new nixon all i say is maybe you didn't know the old nixon.

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after the initial attacks of the tet offensive were beaten back hue was still occupied by the nem. >> the north vietnamese are deeply entranchd carefully camouflaged waiting for marines to move forward to gun them down in the open.

they have been holding up for three weeks in the longest bloodiest battle of the war. >> initially in the credit a dell being a fortress roughly four square miles occupied by 7,000 nva. >> what remains of the old tower fortress built more than a century ago but to combat use. that's the north vietnamese strong point where the rocket firing is coming from. they are now trying to silence the firing with grenade launch zbleers i had a strong group of marines unwavering in going forward under intense fire. after 24 days of heavy fighting the americans in the south vietnamese troop push the nem out of the sit dell.

the estimate was 80% of the city was destroyed and 80% of the population was homeless. in order to preserve the city of hue we had to destroy the city of hue. >> whatever price the communists paid for the offensive the price to allied offensive was high. if the intention was to restore peace ander issent and normalcy to the country. the destruction of those qualities to this city is a setback. >> wamter cronkite had a language audience and when he delivered when he did from vietnam it had an impact. >> it is increasingly clear to this reporter the only rational way to be get out not as victims but as an honorable people who

lived up the pledge to defend democracy. >> he felt he had a public obls to share with the merps that our government is not tell us the truth. >> no matter what we say, it is our napalm burning huts. our anti-personnel bombs used against simple people our gas reported to be non-lethal which was reported to kill only 10% of the adults who inhale it and 90% of the children. so it's only semi lethal. >> the big surprise of the first primary of campaign '68 has been the strength of senator eugene mccarthy. a hope for perhaps 35%. the total they ran up was a dream come true. >> the results on election night gave us a sense that there was a real opportunity here. we even got the feeling like, maybe we can run a national campaign after all. let's take a run at this thing

>> the mccarthy was not just a peace vote but a anti-johnson vote. >> mr. nixon do you think can you be stopped now. >> let me put it -- professor that's a fair enough question. i can say this i'm not going to stop myself. that's for sure. >> new hampshire was critical. but you know what we looked at the numbers. and nixon's total in new hampshire was more than all the other candidates in both parties combined. >> new hampshire was a significant turning point. it locked in a certain popularity that he had. and at the same time you had the democrats fighting among themselves >> the president and his advisers are most concerned about what the returns mean in terms of bobby kennedy. mccarthy worked hard had good financing and good organization in new hampshire but mccarthy

and new hampshire don't mean a thing unless they mean bobby is coming in. >> would this encourage you to change your position. >> i have no plans at the moment. i have no plans at the moment maybe i'll have something further after i see the rest of the figure zploos would you accept a draft. >> i don't think anybody suggested that. >> i'm suggest going now. would you accept it. >> i don't think that's a practical matter. >> would you refuse it? >> well i -- will you accept one? >> and i don't think anybody has suggested that's going to happen. >> all of bobby's more seasoned political advisers were saying you don't depose an incumbent president. all you do is rip the party apart. and if he ran kbens johnson he would chalk it it up to lowing the lyndon johnson. >> bobby kennedy and lyndon johnson hate the one another. >> this man is mean,

>> this man is mean, vicious, an animal in many ways. >> i believe bobby is having his cafes, and he is having systematically one after another each day. all of it makes bobby look like a great hero and makes me look like a son of a bitch. >> bobby kennedy doesn't go after lbj until he is wounded. >> i am announcing today my candidacy for the president of the united states. i run now because it is unmistakably clear that we can change these divisive, disastrous policies only by changing the men who are now making them. >> can you imagine the anger that johnson had? here -- here was his nightmare. >> i hear lbj is trying to get rid of 150 pounds -- bobby kennedy. mine's way better.

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>> then suddenly a handful of men busting a window over here. >> chaos has just broken out downtown. negro youths are smashing windows. >> and i went back to king in the first rank and said, martin, the police up there are planning to break us up, and you're going to be a major target. so we're going to turn around and go back. >> that sound you just heard was the sound of tear gas fired by a police officer in an attempt to thwart this unruly demonstration. >> if you do not leave this area, you will be arrested. we urge you to return to your homes immediately for your own safety. >> move! >> we must not allow the events of the day to cause us to let up. that would be a tragic error.

>> there will be continued marches. we will not stop. >> i don't think king had a choice. he had to go back to memphis and prove that there could be a non-violent march. >> and all are concerned. two behind you and one right here. >> good evening, my fellow americans. tonight i want to speak to you of peace in vietnam and southeast asia. no other question so preoccupies our people. >> it is a new war in vietnam the enemy now has the initiative. now there are finite limits to the destruction vietnam can absorb. there are only so many buildings and so many people. the time is at hand when we must decide whether it's futile to destroy vietnam in the effort to save it. >> we are prepared to move immediately toward peace through negotiations.

>> daddy tried to the end to get peace with vietnam. >> i'm no goddamn fascist. i'm fine to settle this thing. both daughters' husbands are going out. one is going to hue and the other to da nang, right there in the middle of it. god knows i'm more concerned than anybody. >> i followed chuck out to get on the plane to vietnam. and so there's a picture of chuck and me carrying this tin of cookies. and before he left on the airplane, i am now pregnant, but it's secret. and he says to me, i have signed my will, and if i'm killed, the marine corps will take care of everything. >> now as in the past the united states is ready to send representatives to any forum at any time to discuss the means of bringing this ugly war to an end. >> by the end of march, president johnson is in despair. bobby kennedy, his great

nightmare, is in the race. >> i'm interested in the future of this country and what it must stand for, and i don't think it's been satisfactory up to the present time. >> so this on top of all the other bad news he had in march pushes lbj over the edge. >> finally, let me say this. >> he told very few people about the last part of his march 31st speech. >> of course mother knew that he was going to do it that night. i talked to him. i said please, don't do it. but daddy had made his decision. with american sons in the field far away, with america's future under challenge right here at home, i do not belief that i should devote an hour or day of my time to any personal partisan causes or to any duties other than the awesome duties of this office. >> he just was worn out.

>> accordingly -- >> by all of these heavy, heavy burdens. >> -- i shall not seek and i will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president. >> i stood in the wings and -- and cried. >> good night and god bless all of you. >> but i think it lifted a lot from his shoulders. and he said, i did the best i could. it was very hard. it was just very, very hard. >> in terms of politics, it's still a long time. a lot of things can happen. >> the next president of the united states hubert humphrey. >> richard nixon. >> i've come to oregon. we've had a rather successful primary there. >> this campaign train is on a life or death mission. >> along columbia students

barricade a university building. >> the students push forward and the police push back. >> washington, chicago, detroit, new york, racial confrontation. a state of emergency. >> mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the lord. ♪ ♪ you say you want a revolution ♪ ♪ well you know >> please stop! please stop! ♪ we all want to change the world. >> we're tired of full-time jobs for part-time income. ♪ you told me of evolution, well you know we all want to change the world ♪ >> i know nonviolence will work. >> this what you want to do,