>> i've learned from doing my interviews how leaders make it to the top. >> i said fine, i'd negotiate with him. >> i have something i'd like to sell. >> you don't feel inadequate now being on the second-wealthiest men in the world, is that right? one of the most admired people in the world is dr. jane goodall. about 60 years ago she moved to africa to study chimpanzees, and what she learned revolutionized our understanding of what nonhumans can do. today she is devoting herself to inspiring young people around the world to do much more to protect the climate and the environment for animals in africa and all over the world. i had a chance to sit down with dr. jane goodall recently and learned firsthand why this woman, 89 years old, is still so admired and dedicated to helping make the planet a better place. so thank you very much for

coming here and we are going to go through a lot of what you've done and the things that made you and make you so popular. on your last name, that kind of describes everything. good all. you ever thought of changing it to good-for-all because you are doing some of the or great-all? jane: we do have on our website good for all news because i truly believe that the media, we need to know the doom and gloom, we do. but why don't they give more time to the amazing people and wonderful projects around the world that you read and people will say wow, they did that? we could do it, too. david: you've inspired a lot of people and no doubt a lot of people have read about what you've done. let's go over how this came about at the outset. you grew up in england one year old, you were given a book or something about chimpanzees, is

that true? jane: it was my father who i really didn't know because it was just before world war ii and he joined up as soon as the war was declared. but he gave me a stuffed chimpanzee. the name for the first chimpanzee born in the london zoo in the jubilee of queen george and mary, i suppose, and it took him everywhere with me. but people had the misapprehension that because of that, i study chimpanzees. it wasn't true. the chimpanzee, i finally saved up money, i had to be a waitress, we had no money in my family and we couldn't even afford university. so i did this boring old secretary course, that i got invited to kenya by a school friend, so i worked as a waitress to save up the fare.

i would have studied any animal, i was 10 years old when my dream was i will go to africa, live with wild animals and write books about them. why? because of tarzan. david: you did that 10 years old. you told your mother you would like to go to africa and see the chimpanzees and what did she say? david: nothing chimpanzees, i would have studied anything. david: what did your mother say to anything? jane: i attribute a great deal of way, and what i've done to the wise way that she brought me up. she was supportive. so when i set i wanted to go to africa, everybody laughed at me, how will you do that, africa is far away, you don't have money, it is dangerous and you are just a girl. remember this is going back 70 years now. but my mother said if you really want to do this you are to have to work really hard, take advantage of every opportunity, and if you don't give up, hopefully you find a way.

david: so you save your money and you told your parents you are really going to africa. they didn't say that was nice to talk about but you can't do it. they really didn't care if you went. jane: my father was still away. they divorced, and it was my mother. and she just said well, stick with it. you know how many people have written to me and said jane, i want to thank you because you did it, i can do it, too. david: so you did this at the age of 23. how did you pick which part of africa? how did you get to tanzania, for example? jane: my friends' parents had bought a farm in kenya and while i was there i met the famous paleontologist louis litchi and he gave me this opportunity to go and study not just any animal, what the one most like us, chimpanzees. i would have studied a mouse if i could be out in the african village. david: he was the famous

paleontologist who more or less came up with the theory that humans pretty much evolved out of southern africa and he was famous for that. did you get to know him? jane: very well. i told you i had to do that boring secretarial course. when i heard about him and went to see him, his secretary had just left and he needed a secretary. there i was, surrounded by people who could answer all my questions about the animals and the birds and everything. david: so it one point you said i really want to jane: go live with the chimpanzees. jane:no, i didn't. [laughter] as i said, you didn't say that, right? what did you say? jane: i told him i really wanted to study animals and for some reason although i hadn't been to college, he believed i could do it. he had been looking for someone for 10 years, he told me, to going to study not just any animal, but our closest living

relatives, the chimpanzees. david: so he said he eventually -- how wanted to work for him before he said could do this? jane: a year. david: so he said you're going to do this, but that he give you guidance or tell you where to go? jane: no. he didn't have money so it took him a year to get the money. tanzania, where the chimps were and are was still part of the british protectorate and the british authorities said we won't take responsibility for this young girl, but he never gave up so in the end they said yes, but she can't come alone, so who volunteered? that same amazing, supportive mother. david: dear mother came with you to africa to study the chimpanzees? jane: she didn't do the study, she looked after the camp. david: when you eventually do get there to live with the chimpanzees, you are supposed to live with them, is that right? jane: live with them and learn

from them. david: do you get a tent or something? jane: a tent. david: are you worried they might attack you? jane: for me, we had an old ex- army tent, mom and i between us. no nice mosquito windows, nothing like that. and i would go happily up into the mountains every morning following my dream. mom would be left in the camp, and if you wanted air in that tent, you rolled up the side flaps and tied them with tape and in came air, but also scorpions, spiders, snakes, which i didn't mind, but poor mom. [applause] david: you set up a tent. how did you engage the chimpanzees, how did you get close to them? how did you not worry about them attacking you? jane: with great difficulty.

for four of those months, they ran away as soon as they saw me. i new given time that i could win their trust, but did i have the time? days turned to weeks turned to months and it was wonderful because what mom did, she boosted my morale. she said with your binoculars, we will see how chimpanzees wander around by themselves in small groups, they groups. your learning about the courts they make, the food they eat, how they make nests at night. she really helped to boost my morale. david: so you weren't trained as a scientist so you use your powers of observation to see what they were doing. jane: yes, and my inborn love of animals, my curiosity, my fascination. he never even visited. david: so when you go to see the chimpanzees, you first engage them, do you give them some food

or something to kind of befriend them? jane: no, i just tried to get them used to be. it was very sad, it was just two weeks after mom left i saw this one famous chimpanzee, very handsome, i call him david. he was the first one to lose his fear and on this special day i saw him using grass stems to fish termites from their nests. david: does it get lonely out there, just you and the chimpanzees? no cell phones, no anything. jane: we didn't have lab computers at that time. david: what did you do all day, just look at the chimpanzees? jane: try to get close. when possible, i watched through my binoculars. if they nested, i would go back to have supper with mom, then i would go back up so i continue them in the morning. and i was scared of leopards,

and i would hear them at night when i was out there alone with my little blanket, and i would hear the leopards' hunting sound and they would pull the blanket over my head. david: did you ever say to myself how do i get myself into this, or did you always say i doing this? jane: no, i was following my dream. they were the best days of my life. ♪

♪ david: so eventually, you go back to him and give him a report on what you've learned, and in that report you kind of change the perception around the world of chimpanzees, because people thought at that time, as i understand it, that chimpanzees are not capable of making tools, only humans could do that. david: jane: right. david: and you discover that they make tools for what purpose? jane: fishing for termites, crumpling leaves to get water from a hollow in a tree that

they can reach with their limbs. david: did you ever eat the termites yourself, are they tasty? jane: well i had to eat one just to say i had done so. [applause] [laughter] --[laughter] david: so people said how can this woman not trained as a scientist come up with discovery that we, famous scientists, didn't know about? jane: they were extremely arrogant, most of them. they were saying things like well, she's just a girl, she's straight out from england, why should we believe for? one of them even said maybe she taught the chimps to use tools, which as they were running away at the time -- david: so eventually national geographic decides to get a photographer to come over. jane: national geographic came after he approached them and they said we will fund her research after six months money runs out. jane: national geographic was

able to get people interested in this for what reason? jane: this is what the scientists said. the scientists said the geographic is giving her money because they can put her on the cover because she's got nice legs. [laughter] if that would happen today there would be a lawsuit. back then, i just thought well. it was a different world back then and i thought well, if my legs have got me the money to do what i want to do, thank you, legs. [applause] david: national geographic sent a photographer over, they took the pictures and became a famous article, and then you became pretty well known. did you decide to go back to england and do something else, get your phd? jane: no. he wrote to me and said i picked you because you had not been to

university in your brain wasn't fluttered out with the very arrogance way that scientists treated animals back then. but he said now i want you to be respected by other scientists, so you must get a degree but we don't have time for an undergraduate degree. i've got you a place at cambridge university in england to do a phd in ecology. i didn't know what that meant. the study on behavior. david: so you skip the undergraduate part and you got a phd. jane: i was very, very nervous. you can imagine, i've never been to college. just imagine what i felt like when i was told by the scientists, well, first of all, you shouldn't have given the chimpanzees names. if you are a proper scientist, you give the numbers. then they said you can't talk about their personalities, their

minds, for their emotions, those are unique to us. they also said you must not have empathy with your subjects because a good scientist is objective and if you have empathy, you can't be objective, which is rubbish. david: so you got your phd. did you say now i'm going to teach at cambridge ready to go back to africa? jane: i was going back in between because there was still learning. we are still learning after 63 years. david: chimpanzees, he discovered, are not quite as nice as you want them to be. they kill each other, is that right? jane: the males are territorial and if they see an individual from a neighboring community, communities are about 50, that is individual that will probably die. david: when you go back to england, come back, they recognize you? jane: o, yeah. david: how did they befriend you, did they bring you a gift

or bring you something? jane: i never wanted that kind of relationship. diane phosphate with the guerrillas, she did. but i wanted to watch their behavior as it is, without me being in the picture. david: so for many years were living in africa. no electricity, no cell phone, no television, none of the important things you need in life to get by. jane: they are not important at all. [applause] david: so obviously they can talk to each other, but is it possible that humans can convey some type of language to chimpanzees or teach them how to add? wasn't that when you were working on it one point, teaching them words? jane: i never have, the chimpanzees have been taught sign language and they can learn up to about several hundred words that deaf people use. from that, you can learn

fascinating things. for example, some pinch, these -- chimpanzees learn to paint or draw. not all of them, and these are captive ones, of course, but one young chimpanzee, she was four years old and she used to fill her cage with lovely lines of different colors and on this occasion she made a drawing like that and so her teacher handed the paper back and signed finish. so the chimpanzee looked at it and handed it and handed back and said finish. so this went on about two times, and then the teacher had the brains to say what is it? in the chimpanzee signed back a bull. what has the chimp done? about. and that gives you a whole new feeling of looking at the world through the eyes of a chimp.

she is drawing the movement. david: why do you think people are so fascinated by what you have achieved in your life? when you were doing this, you didn't do this for a claim, we were doing it because you were interested but it turns out the world is fascinated by what you've done with your life. why do you think that is? do people love chimpanzees or like the dedication you've shown or did they just mired your courage to do this? why do you think you are so beloved? jane: i think you should ask somebody else. [laughter] you know, some people are fascinated by the chimps, children. some people love it that i was a woman. i think of myself as a human, i don't care about the mail/female bit. david: so you think a man could have on this better than you did this? no. jane: there are amazing male people studying apes, but it just happened it was me. david: a lot of people want to

kind of chill out a little bit relaxed, maybe spend time with their grandkids. you are not slowing down any. jane: i truly feel that i was put on this planet with a mission. and right now the mission is to give people hope.

david: most of your life you devoted to the study of chimpanzees, but in recent years you created an institute, the jane goodall institute. what is that designed to do? jane: that was started in 1977, when by then i had a little research station, and four of my students were kidnapped and everything shut down, so some friends of mine said well, let's start in institute so that this research can carry on. bless them. that was 1977, and it was set up

to study and conserve chimpanzees and other animals and educate. and it has developed since then, so we've got 27 jane goodall institute around the world, and then i realized at some point that people living, the african people living in and around chimpanzee habitats right across africa were struggling to survive. it was crippling poverty, lack of health and education, moving deeper into the forest, being exposed to diseases like ebola and hiv from the chimpanzees, and vice versa. and suddenly it hit me, if we don't help these people to find ways of making a living without destroying their environment, we can't -- conservation won't work. david: so you devoted a large part of the goodall institute

for climate change and conservation, is that right? jane: absolutely. right now, we face these two existential threats, don't we? climate change, which has changed weather patterns around the world. we had the flooding yesterday, table four yesterday. loss of biodiversity, and what people don't realize, we are not only part of the natural world, even though with our cell phones and virtual reality we feel divorced from nature, but we depend on it for food, water, clothing. everything. but what we depend on is healthy ecosystems. and an ecosystem is this magical mix of plants and animals, each with their own role to play. so if you think of it as a beautiful tapestry, every time a species goes from there tapestry it is like pulling a thread

until the tapestry hangs in tatters. and then the ecosystem will collapse. and it is happening. david: you have a fairly exhausting schedule going from event to event, but how frequently do you get back to africa, every couple of weeks? jane: twice a year because my family is there, partly, but we also have a big sanctuary for orphaned chimps in congo, another one in south africa. there is one in uganda. i need to go back there. i need to give support to the staff there. gone be -- likely my family, my grandchildren can come with me. david: but if you go back now and you want to look for some chimpanzees, when you find some who already knew you and with their recognize you still? jane: there is still one mother and her daughter that i knew. since i only go back three or four days at a time, i don't

know the new ones. i don't know the children and the young ones, but gremlin i knew intimately. david: you are a nine years old, is that right? jane: 89, yeah. david: a lot of people when they turn 89 they want to kind of chill out a little bit and relax, maybe spend time with the grandkids or something, great grandkids. you're not slowing down at all. are you sitting on the beach anywhere, going to palm beach or something? jane: how can i? this may sound weird to you, but i truly feel that i was put on this planet with a mission. and right now the mission is to give people hope because if you don't have hope, you give up, you become apathetic and nothing, and then we are doomed. it our young people give up, we are doomed. so ok, i don't know how many years i have left, but when i was young i had this time and now i am coming up toward whenever the end is.

could be one year, could be five years, could be 10, could be 20, i don't know. i am getting closer, so i have to speed up because there is so much i still have to do. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ give into the rhythm of the islands and delight in a caribbean state of mind. visit sandals.com or call 1-800 sandals.

sonali: hi, i'm sonali basak, and this is "the next big risk." investing is a business of managing risk for the long-term. and in a year where recession fears abound, a war in ukraine rages for a second year, and geopolitical tensions across the globe are boiling under the surface, three wall street veterans look five to 10 years out on where wealth could be destructed even further.