this is bbc news. the headlines. ukraine says russia has carried out another air attack, narrowly missing a hospital. the us says it will "rush" patriot air defence missiles and ammunition to ukraine as part of its new $6 billion military aid package. scotland's first minister, humza yousaf, insists he won't resign despite a week of political turmoil. he's expected to spend the weekend announcing policies to shore up support before two potential confidence votes next week. wildlife in antarctica is being exposed to potentially damaging levels of ultraviolet light, thanks to a hole in the ozone layer and australian bushfires. scientists say both animals and plants are at risk from the rays.

scotland's first minister, humza yousaf, is insisting he will not resign despite a week pof political turmoil. here's a quick recap of what's been happening. the crisis began when humza yousaf, who leads the scottish national party, ended its governing coalition with the scottish greens. both parties are pro scottish independence. there'd been trouble in the coalition about the decision to scrap climate targets, and gender policy issues. theoretically, mr yousaf could lead a minority government, but he faces a confidence vote in his leadership — and all the main scottish parties say they will vote against him. there is also expected to be a confidence vote in his government. there's the possibility that a former snp member ash regan — who defected to another nationalist party — could save mr yousaf. but that's highly uncertain. the big picture in all of this is that the position of the scottish national party is weakening with uk elections due.

and that also has implications for the likelihood of scottish independence. our reporter catrina renton is in glasgow, and explained how the first ministerfound himself in this position. this time last week, we were talking about the scottish green party voting on whether or not they should remain in partnership with the snp. some in the party, as you were saying, were unhappy with the power—sharing arrangement after the snp dropped a climate change target. there has also been issues about gender services for young people. in a twist, humza yousaf called in the green ministers on thursday and he told them the relationship was over so that is how he finds himself in this position fighting for his political life. he said he is confident he will win the confidence vote and he will not resign but he does face these two votes of confidence next week, one in himself and one in his government.

as you were explaining in your introduction, the arithmetic in the scottish parliament is very tight. there are 63 snp msps, there are 65 opposition msps and there is the presiding officer who retains a neutral position. he has written to all of the party leaders asking them for talks on where they can find common ground. i think it is safe to say we can rule out any deals with the pro—union parties, labour, conservatives and liberal democrats. but somewhat ironically, mr yousaf is now having to reach back out to the greens who he dumped on thursday, but they are sore and they say they can't trust him after what happened. mr yousaf said yesterday he didn't mean to upset or anger the scottish greens and that there are a lot of issues that both the snp and greens share. so that is one way he could remain in government if some of the seven scottish green msps were to change their tack and support him but that seems highly unlikely given the upset that was caused. his only other potential lifeline is the alba party msp ash regan. she stood against humza yousaf

for the leadership of the snp after the first minister nicola sturgeon stood down. she left the snp and joined the alba party, which is alex salmond... the former first minister who was also an snp first minister, the party he leads now. she set out a number of conditions that she would support mr yousaf on. if he loses the personal vote, he is not legally bound to resign but you could imagine there is political pressure on him. we have heard from one snp msp this morning that he believes that humza yousaf would have to stand down if he loses that vote. we are watching him at the moment trying to reclaim the narrative, sort of putting his party on an election footing and looking at some of the issues that he would like to take to the doorstep so that is where we are right at the moment. he is running a campaign now

to fight for his life. the bbc�*s catriona renton there. four vietnamese nationals have been arrested as part of an operation by british and french authorities against people—smuggling. it's alleged they were part of a group which advertised small boat crossings on facebook. another 12 people said to be linked to the same network were arrested in paris. it were allegedly targeting the vietnamese community. a hole in the ozone layer over antarctica, fuelled by smoke from bushfires in australia, is exposing wildlife to protentially damaging levels of uv light. scientists from the university of wollongong say animals and plants are having to put more energy into avoiding the rays. here's our science correspondent, victoria gill. the ozone layer that protects us from the sun's most harmful rays is healing, gradually, but in antarctica, in cold, high—atmospheric clouds, a hole in that layer

still appears every year. that ozone thinning, or loss, used to peak in september or october, when animals and plants are tucked under winter snow and marine animals are protected by sea ice. but it's now lingering until december, well into the antarctic summer, when wildlife is much more vulnerable. researchers say that has been driven in part by smoke from the australian wildfires in 2019 and 2020, which were fuelled by climate change. the researchers found evidence that antarctic plants might have to put more energy into producing their own protective sunscreen compounds, and krill, the marine crustaceans that are the foundation of the food chain in antarctica, move deeper into the ocean to avoid ultraviolet rays, while penguins and seals are protected by protective feathers and fur, scientists say exposure to damaging rays could harm their eyesight. the researchers say we can no longer take the recovery of the ozone layer for granted. it is more evidence, they point out, that carbon emissions have to be reduced quickly so that more

bushfires don't put extra pressure on a vital shield in our atmosphere. victoria gill, bbc news. we were joined by one of the authors of the research, distinguished professor sharon robinson from the university of wollongong. as part of our work on the united nations environment programme, we have to look at how the uv and ozone depletion or change across the globe. a paper came out in the last few years which showed the uv index, which is the number we got on our phones which tells us whether we need to wear sunscreen, had gone up in antarctica from six, which is moderate, to 14, which is extreme. 14 is what we have in summer in sydney. so that huge difference, which had occurred because of ozone depletion, made us think about also, what does that mean for the animals and plants that live in antarctica? and in the last four years, even though ozone is recovering,

we've seen that the ozone hole has started in september and extended through to december. that was particularly concerning for me, because as a biologist, i know that's when most of the biology turns up in antarctica, to breed, pups are born, penguin chicks hatching and all the plants and animals come out from under the snow, so everything is happening. so uv at that time of year could be really concern for all those and plants. and just talk us through what has caused this i think it is specifically the wildfires we've seen in australia. so, any chemicals we inject into the stratosphere, many chemicals could destroy ozone. the 2019—20 bushfires were particularly intense so we know that bushfire smoke cut up into the stratosphere as a result of that, that then gets distributed across the globe and it ended up affecting the ozone hole for the following year, so that next summer, the ozone hole

was particularly large and extended into december that year. then we had two large volcanic eruptions, and again, volcanoes spew soffits into the stratosphere or in the case of the big hunger tonga volcano, there produce a lot of water vapour, which out into the stratosphere and because of a such a big explosion, it caused more ozone depletion. so even with the montreal protocol reducing cfcs most of those chemicals that we have been producing being taken out of the stratosphere, there is still this thread to the ozone layer because of new chemicals being injected into the stratosphere. itv news has said the presenter rageh omaar is receiving medical care after he became unwell live on air. he was presenting the news at ten programme on friday when he appeared to struggle to read

the news bulletins. let's get more from our correspondent charlotte gallagher in the newsroom. what has happened? as you said, raueh what has happened? as you said, rageh omaar— what has happened? as you said, rageh omaar was _ what has happened? as you said, rageh omaar was reading - what has happened? as you said, rageh omaar was reading the - what has happened? as you said, rageh omaar was reading the ten o'clock news on itv, their flagship bulletin, and he became unwell while he was reading that bulletin, and it was obvious that he was struggling to read the autocue, and even during the programme people were tweeting itv saying is there something wrong with rageh omaar? he finished the programme, but there was something obviously happening there, some kind of medical issue. itv has said that rageh omaar did indeed fall unwell while he was reading the bulletin, and that he is now receiving medical care, and they said that rageh omaar has expressed his thanks for the many good wishes that have come in from his colleagues and thousands of people on social media who are really concerned about him. that bulletin was due to be repeated in

the next hour on another itv channel, but it was taken off the schedule because people were obviously so concerned by what they were watching. find obviously so concerned by what they were watching-— were watching. and of course rageh omaar is a well— were watching. and of course rageh omaar is a well respected _ were watching. and of course rageh omaar is a well respected and - omaar is a well respected and celebrated journalist. tell us a bit more about his career. he celebrated journalist. tell us a bit more about his career.— more about his career. he is probably _ more about his career. he is probably one _ more about his career. he is probably one of _ more about his career. he is probably one of the - more about his career. he is probably one of the best - more about his career. he is i probably one of the best known journalist here in the uk. you're someone that most people would recognise. he started his career at the bbc and famously reported from iraq in 2003, one of the few western journalists at the time to be in iraq. he also reported from afghanistan, was in kabul. he then went to aljazeera and then to idv and became foreign affairs editor. he also presents the programme, so a really well—known and well respected journalist here in britain. really well-known and well respected journalist here in britain.— journalist here in britain. thank ou ve journalist here in britain. thank you very much. _ journalist here in britain. thank you very much, charlotte - journalist here in britain. thank - you very much, charlotte gallagher. lets turn to the us.

pro—palestinian protests are continuing at major universities. several have called police in, leading to hundreds of arrests. at columbia university in new york, the centre of the demonstrations, a student leader has been barred from the campus over comments he previously made. at the same time, columbia's senate, which makes decisions on behalf of students and teachers, has voted to investigate how the university's leadership handled the protests. nomia iqbal reports from new york. another day and another encampment has cropped up in the us. in this part of new york students camped outside the city college. we should make sure that the administration knows that we will not back down. sarah is palestinian—american. students here and faculty here are not scared of anything. they're willing to risk their careers. risk their schools, their personal lives. they know that there is a risk of arrest. they know there is a risk of suspension. but they're willing to stand here and risk it all for palestine and for divestment. sergei once studied here. i came here out of curiosity... he describes himself as very pro—israel. i do find it unfair that certain groups are allowed to occupy public

space, block people's access to those spaces. i do find it offensive when my people are accused of genocide, when we defend ourselves. but at the same time, i do recognise freedom of speech, freedom of assembly. this protest is peaceful. though as the crowds grow, so does the police presence. tensions between officers and students have led to an escalation across many parts of america. from georgia to texas... you are under arrest l for criminal trespasss. ..to ohio and california, there have been hundreds of arrests with students accused of trespassing. the protests were started here by columbia university students more than a week ago. tensions have been fraught between those who are pro—palestinian and those who are pro—israeli, both accusing each other of hate speech. one student has since apologised for prior remarks saying zionists "don't deserve to live."

khymanijames has now been barred from the protest site. it's much calmer here today at columbia university, but the students in the encampment behind me aren't budging on their demands. they and other students who are protesting across the country are calling on their universities to essentially cut economic and academic ties with israeli institutions. all of our demands have to be achieved in orderfor us to leave the encampment. we're asking for financial transparency. we're asking for cops off campus. we're asking for amnesty for all students that have faced disciplinary charges or have been suspended or arrested. tally is one of those students. i think it was veryjarring to be placed in zip ties and held for that long. but i will also say as kind of frustrating and angry and scary as it was, i was also very proud to be standing in solidarity with my peers. american campuses have long been political battlegrounds. the october 7th attacks in israel are the latest flashpoint, with many universities struggling to rein in the turmoil.

nomia iqbal, bbc news, new york. the security services in iraq have launched an investigation into the killing of a well—known tiktok influencer, 0m fahad, outside her home in baghdad. video circulating social media purportedly shows a gunman opening fire before fleeing on a motorbike. for more let's go to our arab affairs editor sebastian usher. tell us what happened and how 0m fahad is believed to have been killed. figs fahad is believed to have been killed. ~ , i. fahad is believed to have been killed. a ., ., fahad is believed to have been killed. ~ , ., ., fahad is believed to have been killed. a ., ., , killed. as you say, a video has been ut out b killed. as you say, a video has been out out by iraqi _ killed. as you say, a video has been put out by iraqi new— killed. as you say, a video has been put out by iraqi new stations - killed. as you say, a video has been put out by iraqi new stations and . put out by iraqi new stations and social media, and it contains a0 seconds of footage where you see a man coming on a motorbike. he puts it behind a wall, gets off and runs towards a black axa vehicle. he opens the passenger door, you see a

white flash which would be consistent with a gunshot. he then moves away from the car and runs back to the motorbike, and he makes his getaway. it all happens in about 30 seconds. inside the car, and there are distressing pictures that have been published also online, was 0m fahad. she was killed, and someone who was with her, another woman, was wounded. find someone who was with her, another woman, was wounded.— someone who was with her, another woman, was wounded. and 0m fahad had nearl halfa woman, was wounded. and 0m fahad had nearly half a million _ woman, was wounded. and 0m fahad had nearly half a million followers _ woman, was wounded. and 0m fahad had nearly half a million followers on - nearly half a million followers on tick—tock. popular, but not everyone was supportive of her content to? —— on tiktok. was supportive of her content to? -- on tiktok. , . , was supportive of her content to? -- on tiktok. , ., , , ., was supportive of her content to? -- on tiktok. , ., , i. , .,, on tiktok. yes, many young people icture on tiktok. yes, many young people picture themselves _ on tiktok. yes, many young people picture themselves dancing - on tiktok. yes, many young people picture themselves dancing and - picture themselves dancing and having fun, and they attract a more sensorial following. having fun, and they attract a more sensorialfollowing. she is a mother, a 30—year—old mother, and

this was that her son's better in which she is seen dancing. she was then taken to court. when she was released, she said she didn't really understand why she has been sentenced. she said the judge understand why she has been sentenced. she said thejudge made reference to the fact that she was dancing and that she was showing some of her cleavage. this is something as i say which she is not alone in facing quite adverse reaction, and although there is sorrow and outrage expressed by many about her death, there are also some saying essentially that she deserved it because of her behaviour, so it shows how divided the local societies over this issue. find shows how divided the local societies over this issue. and how we seen other— societies over this issue. and how we seen other incidents _ societies over this issue. and how we seen other incidents like - societies over this issue. and how we seen other incidents like this | we seen other incidents like this happening in iraq?— happening in iraq? yes, unfortunately _ happening in iraq? yes, unfortunately there - happening in iraq? yes, | unfortunately there have happening in iraq? yes, - unfortunately there have been. happening in iraq? 1a: unfortunately there have been. there was one last year in which an lgbtq influence was shot dead. before that influence was shot dead. before that in 2018 there were several attacks

on women, some who were like 0m fahad, they had a big following on social media, in the same kind of material, but others who were outspoken women who were involved politically or judicially standing up politically or judicially standing up for women's rights, there were four women who were gunned down. it is not only women and social media influences like 0m fahad who face this kind of pressure inside iraq. last year, there was a new media law which was brought in, which essentially is pretty much trying to ban most dissent that can be expressed, any political viewpoint, which is not what 0m fahad did. so it is quite a widespread crackdown on free speech in general, not that there has not been that in the past, but as the security situation in iraq is largely improved, there are

still these moments, these circumstances, where there is pure savagery takes place on the streets. again, i'm not sure that many iraqis will expect necessarily for the person to carry this out to be caught, but as i say, there is an investigation under way at the moment. ,, , ., ,, investigation under way at the moment. ,, , ., ~ , ., investigation under way at the moment. ,, ., ~ ., moment. sebastien, thank you for brinuain moment. sebastien, thank you for bringing us — moment. sebastien, thank you for bringing us that — moment. sebastien, thank you for bringing us that story, _ moment. sebastien, thank you for bringing us that story, that - moment. sebastien, thank you for bringing us that story, that is - moment. sebastien, thank you for bringing us that story, that is how| bringing us that story, that is how arab affairs editor sebastian usher. let's bring you some of the day's other news now. a british man has been seriously injured in a shark attack on the caribbean island of tobago. the attack happened close to the shore in courland bay. the 6a—year—old man is in intensive care after his left hand and left thigh were severed by a bull shark. seven beaches were closed to allow the coast guard to investigate. several countries in east africa are experiencing severe flooding and landslides. at least 150 people were killed in tanzania and 70 were killed in kenya. nearly 100,000 people have been displaced in burundi.

the region has seen heavier rainfall than usual in recent weeks, exacerbated by the el nino weather pattern. a federal appeals court in chicago has upheld a 20—year sentence for disgraced singer r kelly on child pornography and enticement charges. it rejected his appealjust over a year after the former singer was sentenced. this his lawyers had argued the charges fell outside the statute of limitations. elon musk�*s social media platform x has defended publishing posts showing a bishop in australia being stabbed during a sermon. the app, formerly known as twitter, rejected a regulator's order to take down the content because of its violent and offensive nature. in a post on friday, x's "global government affairs" account said: first, we believe that these posts should not have been banned in australia at all. the content within the posts does not encourage or provoke violence.

it also said the content can be reasonably considered as part of public discussion or debate under australian law. the order to take down the video has sparked heated public exchanges between mr musk and australian government officials. they claim that police have fears the video is being used to encourage people to join terror groups. dan svantesson is a professor specialising in internet law — he explained how big a story this is in australia. this has dominated the news during the week it has been, and the more heated the debates get, so the more people are exercising their free speech on this matter, and the temperatures have been extreme recently, with ranging from musk being injailand recently, with ranging from musk being injail and elevating our people, such comments have been made. so what is the legal position on this particular issue? the

startin: on this particular issue? the starting point _ on this particular issue? the starting point here - on this particular issue? the starting point here i - on this particular issue? tue: starting point here i think on this particular issue? tte: starting point here i think is on this particular issue? "tte: starting point here i think is that every responsible and mature platform should be deleted this sort of content voluntarily. 0ther of content voluntarily. other platforms, the big ones that we are used to, have already done so, but this started to be a freeze beach fight on this particular issue. —— my a free speech fight. the real issue i think is the impact that global take—down orders can have on the internet as a whole. 50 global take-down orders can have on the internet as a whole.— the internet as a whole. so what are our the internet as a whole. so what are your personal _ the internet as a whole. so what are your personal thoughts? _ the internet as a whole. so what are your personal thoughts? is - the internet as a whole. so what are your personal thoughts? is this - the internet as a whole. so what are your personal thoughts? is this a . your personal thoughts? is this a case of free speech? t your personal thoughts? is this a case of free speech?— your personal thoughts? is this a case of free speech? i don't think there is any _ case of free speech? i don't think there is any free-speech - case of free speech? i don't think there is any free-speech value i case of free speech? i don't think. there is any free-speech value and there is any free—speech value and there is any free—speech value and the content, so they should have removed it from the start. the unfortunate situation that we are in now is at the safety commission has had to step in, and it is going to court and so on, and then things

have in my view gone in the wrong direction, with the order called for is the global removal, and to a x had offered to use filters to remove it in certain geographical areas. you can imagine it is difficult to let any country demand that the platform remove something that is not illegal in another country. thank you very much, sebastian usher. don't be fooled by the weather, it is spring, which for many, usually means it's time for a clean and spruce up, including for one of london's most famous landmarks, tower bridge. a team of specialist window cleaners, with a good head for heights, have been abseiling from the tower�*s high—level walkways.

0ur reporter vince rogers has more. dangling from ropes off the famous london landmark are a team of abseilers reaching the parts that others can't reach. what i'm doing now is i'm protecting the ropes as we go underneath, as humans don't do too well when they fall from heights. so what we've done is we've put platforms underneath. what the team will do is they will abseil over the platform as works positioning, clip into the steel beams underneath, and that way they can safely traverse and carry out the cleaning of the glazing. it's all right there. the walkways have glass floors for spectacular views of the bridge below, but now they've become a bit grimy and they've been clean for the first time. years of grime coming out of there, vince. look at that! beautiful. look at that. what we're doing is we're

cleaning with a nylon brush. we're using purified water, which doesn't leave any imperfections. so when you use it on the glass it's like this, it dries spot free, which means we haven't got to squeegee it off and get rid of any excess water, just a good rinse like that does thejob. the bridge had to be closed through the night for the work to take place was but, of course, river traffic was flowing as normal. have you ever done anything like this before? we have done it on smaller bridges, but nothing quite of this stature nor of this prestige as well. so it's a huge honour, a huge privilege as well. the cost of this extreme window cleaning won't be picked by the taxpayer, it will be picked up by an ancient charity called the city bridge foundation. is there a lot of grime up there? there's not a lot, because it's

on the underside of the bridge, the dirt doesn't get there, the rain doesn't get there particularly much, but it is now needed, particularly as you can see on the shelves and the steel work you can see the dirt on the tracks accumulating there. yeah, you can see years ofjust coming out there, it rinses off. lovely as well. though it's essentially only a matter of cleaning windows, this is a job that luke and his team will rememberfor a long time to come. that was vince rogers reporting. let's take you to the netherlands, where _ let's take you to the netherlands, where the — let's take you to the netherlands, where the country are celebrating king's— where the country are celebrating king's day. where the country are celebrating kina's da . , , . , where the country are celebrating king's day-_ where the country are celebrating kinu'sda. , ,. ,., ., king's day. these pictures are from amsterdam. _ king's day. these pictures are from amsterdam. a _ king's day. these pictures are from amsterdam, a parade _ king's day. these pictures are from amsterdam, a parade along - king's day. these pictures are from amsterdam, a parade along one . king's day. these pictures are from amsterdam, a parade along one of| king's day. these pictures are from i amsterdam, a parade along one of the city's historic canals. this is a national holiday to celebrate the birthday of the king. he was celebrating with his family, queen maxima, and his daughters, and we

had pictures from their earlier where they were playing games with members of the public. so this is kings day in the netherlands. you're watching bbc news. the weather next with louise lear. hello there. there will certainly be winners and losers with the weather story for the rest of the day. the best of the sunshine so far has been in the far north and west, but most of us under this influence of low pressure and this where the front ahead of the main low has brought some outbreaks of rain. it is weakening all the time as it drift its way steadily northwards, a band of cloud and drizzle. so the best of the century and certainly has been in north—west scotland, just take a look at the western isles early on this morning. for scotland, northern ireland and northern england as we go through the afternoon, it is sunny spells and scattered showers, but we keep marcus buckland: and drizzle across the midlands and into north wales. slowly brightening up across the ma corridor but that could trigger some sharp, thundery downpours. temperatures today generally across the country below par for the time

of year, so still that disappointing feel. but it will turn a little milder at the weekend continues. but it will also turn wetter through the evening and overnight as we see more rain spilling its way up from the channel and spreading across eastern england. here we will see temperatures holding up, but the far north and west under those clearing skies, low enough once again for a touch of frost. it is this low pressure that will bring wet and increasingly windy weather, but also bringing some milder weather with it as well as the wind direction changes towards more of a southerly or south—easterly, so a spell of heavy rain which will linger, west will be best through the afternoon, it will be windy with the cloud and rain and as a consequence, the temperature is really disappointing once again, 7—10, high values of 13 or possibly ia. as we move into monday, not a bad start, and with the wind direction still coming from the wind direction still coming from the south, some sunshine and warmth.

yes, it will turn cloudy and wet from the west as we go through the day, but in the sunshine we could see temperatures peaking at 16, and it should feel quite pleasant, particularly in comparison to of late. warmer still as we go to the middle part of the week. this area of low pressure will bring outbreaks of low pressure will bring outbreaks of rain at times, tapping into a south—easterly wind direction, and that will continue to drive in some warmer air, so temperatures a little above where they should be for this time of year, but don't expect anything to dry, settled or sunny. live from london. this is bbc news.

missiles narrowly miss a hospital in kharkiv — in the latest russian attack as the pentagon says it will �*rush' air defence missiles to ukraine. british troops could be deployed on the ground in gaza to help deliver aid via a new sea route. south africa celebrates freedom day — 30 years since the end of apartheid and its first democratic elections. a great heaviness lifted from our shoulders. 0ur shackles have been cast off. and taylor swift matches a madonna chart record. we'll tell you why. hello. i'm catherine byaruhanga. the ukrainian military says russia carried out another massive air attack overnight.

the mayor of kharkiv — ukraine's second city —