this is the world today from bbc news, the headlines buckingham palace release a new picture of king charles and say he's returning to official public duties — doctors say they're encouraged by the progress he's making in his treatment for cancer. protests over the war in gaza continue to spread on college campuses across the united states — and elsewhere. the world's first personalised vaccine for melanoma skin cancer is being tested on patients in the uk — it's been hailed as a potential "gamechanger" for treatment and joe biden says he's willing to hold a presidential debate with donald trump — dropping his condition that it depends on how his rival behaves.

let's stay with israel's military campaign in gaza — and look at the protests against it that are sweeping across college campuses in the united states. students are calling for their universities to boycott companies and individuals with ties to israel. major protest camps and demonstrations were seen first at columbia university in new york. since then, they've spread across the us. this map shows the universities with the biggest protests. the university of southern california has cancelled its graduation ceremony, on what it says are safety grounds. in austin, texas, the governor ordered state troopers to arrest demonstrators. and more than 200 people have been arrested at universities in los angeles, texas and atlanta, georgia. these images show the dramatic arrest of a protester in atlanta. let's hear from a student there.

this is insane. ijust saw police use unnecessary violence for a peaceful processor. i saw police non—students underground, clearly you see a bunch of arrests going on. these pictures are from the university of southern california. you can see scuffles between the student protesters and police. let's hear from a student there. it's sad because the it really changes our idea of safety on campus. they are supposed to protect us but in reality they are the one causing hostility and violence are us. we have finals today and classes, but we are out here because we know this is more important. we are learning about these things in class but this is actually what we put into practice, we put into practice what we are learning. our north america correspondent nomia iqbal gave us a sense of the mood at city college of new york. the protest here actually started yesterday. so there's a small encampment behind me of maybe about a few dozen students.

it's relatively quiet at the moment. when you go in to the sort of the centre, you've got all these leaflets and signs and posters which list, what the students want, their demands. and it's all peaceful, really. you know, you might be able to make out there are people giving speeches, lots of students doing their coursework as well. many of them want to emphasise that they're not just sitting around. you know, they are working, but they also say they're here for this cause. in terms of police presence, the police is nearby. and actually, just behind me, they're sort of getting barricades ready. i suspect that there will be a point where the university will ask them to move on to dismantle the encampments. this is the problem that universities are saying that they have, that these encampments shouldn't be shouldn't be up there, they're unlawful, that they, after a certain time, should move. now, i did ask the students, what is it that you want? what is it that you're demanding?

and essentially, you mentioned that what they want is their institutions to cut economic and academic ties with israel. and i said, "do you think that's going to happen? and an organiser here said to me, while they do have a meeting at 3pmlocal time here with the administrators to start negotiations about that. in terms of how far that gets, we don't know. but they are adamant that they're going to stay here until they get what they want. and i should point out that we're probably about a six minute drive from columbia university, and that is where all the protests began more than a week ago. i've been speaking to professorjeremi suri at the university of texas, he told me what happened at the pro palestinian protests there. we have a lot of students who are very concerned about us policy

in the middle east. they're also very concerned about various other us policies around the world. many of these students, perhaps a majority, believe the united states is providing too much support to israel in its war against hamas and other entities around it. there are a large number of students, though, who also believe israel should defend itself in the way that it is defending itself. these students have been voicing their opinions, and for the most part it's been peaceful. the concern has been on the one side that there has been some voicing of anti—semitism. on the other side, there's concern of too much support for military activity in the region. this was all peaceful until on wednesday, the university and the governor of the state of texas decided to bring police forces onto campus. these police forces attacked the students who were peacefully demonstrating, and that led to wider protests, wider anger and more violence. the lesson is clear. we know this from history. when students are demonstrating, if they're demonstrating peacefully, allow them to demonstrate peacefully, don't attack them. and when you say lessons from history, i mean,

one thinks of vietnam and all the protests on various campuses against the vietnam war. i mean, are there echoes of those sort of protests, do you think? because this is a sort of rash of protests spreading right around the college campuses across the united states. this is a similar and different from that moment. i've actually written quite a bit about the history of protests in that period. and what is similar is that you are seeing students on one campus inspired by another and also angered by what they see as the mistreatment of students on another campus. so the use of police force at columbia university radicalised students and in austin and in new haven and in san francisco who were watching this. and that is similar to what we saw in the 1960s, where demonstrations at berkeley would inspire another community somewhere else. what is different is, of course, during the vietnam era, students were facing the prospect of being sent to war themselves.

the united states had a draft until the early 1970s, where students, once they graduated, would have to go into the military and go to vietnam. that is obviously not the case today. so there is much more personal distance from the conflict, even though many have relatives who are over there. the issues today are much more about the us government and less really about the war itself. that wasjeremi that was jeremi suri from the university of texas. there are protests about the war in gaza at universities all around the world. in australia, students have set up camp at the university of sydney, with some staffjoining them a rally and march through the campus. and in france, students have blocked access to paris's prestigious sciences po university, demanding that the institution condemn israel's actions, that comes after police broke up a similar protest there

earlier this week. joe biden has said he will debate donald trump ahead of this year's presidential election. it's the clearest declaration yet of his willingness to debate face to face with his republican rival before voters cast ballots in november. it's worth noting that when he was previously asked, mr biden said a debate depended on how his rival behaved.mr trump mr trump hasn't yet responded — he's been spending the day in court in new york, as his hush money trial continues. earlier, i spoke to our north america reporter nada tawfik. us media had really pressed the two sides to commit to debates. i mean, certainly it is a very long held tradition here to help voters make up their minds about who is best fit for office and to really have them answer in real time live difficult

questions about their record, about their policies when they're in office. but there has been a lot of speculation, given just how unprecedented and different this election campaign has been, if that would be another perhaps traditional element that gets thrown out the window. but with that commitment by president biden, no doubt there will be more pressure on president trump and him to get something officially on the books. 0k. and nada, as i mentioned, another day in court for donald trump with the hush money trial. what's been going on? give us the latest. yeah. well, look, today we had the defence cross examination of the first witness, the former publisher of the national enquirer, david pecker. and look, david pecker is someone who has come off on the stand as reliable, as truthful. he said he doesn't harbour any ill

will towards donald trump even now. he had a decades long relationship with him. they had a mutually beneficial relationship. and obviously, he then decided to cooperate with prosecutors. and while the defence understood that and didn't come out attacking him in the same way, they have michael cohen, donald trump's former lawyer, they did try to kind of poke holes in the prosecution's narrative. they tried to cast this whole catch and kill alleged scheme as a business decision, as david pecker as someone who was cooperating with prosecutors at the time because he was worried that a deal with his tabloid and another big media company to be acquired would fall through. but look, in every kind of instance, the prosecution came back on redirect and had mr pepper reiterate that this was all done on redirect and had mr pecker reiterate that this was all done to help donald trump's campaign. and so looking at the morning

session, the defence didn't do really enough, i think, to damage the prosecution's narrative. but of course, we are only on the first witness so far. i'm joined by laurie levenson, former federal prosecutor and professor of law at loyola marymount university in los angeles. you've been watching donald trump this trial in new york. what do you make of it so far? i this trial in new york. what do you make of it so far?— make of it so far? i think it's an uncomfortable _ make of it so far? i think it's an uncomfortable place _ make of it so far? i think it's an uncomfortable place for- make of it so far? i think it's an - uncomfortable place for donald trump to be because he is not in charge. even though he would interact with his lawyers, he cannot help himself from having a skull on his face. the donald trump you see there on the campaign trail is not the donald trump in a courtroom as the witnesses point to him as the architect of the scheme. [30 witnesses point to him as the architect of the scheme. do you think that _ architect of the scheme. do you think that could _ architect of the scheme. do you think that could hurt _ architect of the scheme. do you think that could hurt him - think that could hurt him politically or with his supporters think that is just him?

politically or with his supporters think that isjust him? i politically or with his supporters think that is just him?— think that is 'ust him? i think there — think that isjust him? i think there are core _ think that isjust him? i think there are core supporters - think that isjust him? i think| there are core supporters that nothing will hurt them politically, but there are of people in the middle, like the independents taking a look at what is happening in the case stop right now, the campaign should not be his number one concern and he goes out onto the courthouse steps and does many camping ramblings, he has to worry about what is happening in the camp. —— courtroom, it's a criminal case. there are numerous legal challenges he faces, but this is one where he is actually in court a of the election. is actually in court a of the election-— is actually in court a of the election. . ., election. there are three other cases, election. there are three other cases. our— election. there are three other cases, our supreme _ election. there are three other cases, our supreme court - election. there are three other cases, our supreme courtjustl election. there are three other - cases, our supreme courtjust heard argument yesterday and whether he had immunity or how broad an immunity big case involving january six, he has the georgia case and the loretta confidential documents case, so they are lined up on the runway, these cases, against them. the question is how many would go before the actual election? lined

question is how many would go before the actual election?— the actual election? lined up on the runwa as the actual election? lined up on the runway as reported, _ the actual election? lined up on the runway as reported, but _ the actual election? lined up on the runway as reported, but when - the actual election? lined up on the runway as reported, but when you l runway as reported, but when you mentioned the supreme court discussion about his immunity claim, the did appear to possibly give him support on that, didn't they? just for some eggs. i listen to the whole argument, i don't think it would give them broad immunity for all acts. he kept acting the question what our official acts and private acts, and the lawyer admitted some of what you did in try to get the fraudulent lectures wouldn't be subject to immunity at all. the real question is what will the court decide? liquid onto the lower court was your mark and will it go down there with the seasons quick enough to have a trial?— to have a trial? some of the 'ustices to have a trial? some of the justices on _ to have a trial? some of the justices on the _ to have a trial? some of the justices on the supreme - to have a trial? some of the i justices on the supreme court to have a trial? some of the - justices on the supreme court were done by donald trump le sommer own. this is a supreme courtjustice skewed by donald trump but we hope politics won't dominate here,

because the decision was notjust a fight donald trump, but it affects how our country operates with presidents down the road. it's true that there are justices more willing to accept what donald trump has to say than justices of the past. laurie levenson, a formerfederal persecutor, thank you forjoining us from los angeles. still to come on the world today — the world's first personalised vaccine for skin cancer. a pioneering trial is under way in london. and how about going for a job interview when you know in advance what you'll be asked? thejohn lewis retail group publish their interview questions online. around the world and across the uk. this is the world today on bbc news.

a trial of the world's first personalised vaccine for the deadliest form of skin cancer, melanoma, has begun in the uk.

the jab uses a technology that's found in some covid vaccines. early studies show that when used with another cancer drug, the vaccine almost halved the risk of recurrence or death, after three years. our health and science correspondent james gallagher can explain. do you remember this? millions of us were given life saving covid vaccines developed using completely new mrna technology. but now, instead of preventing infections, that same technology is being used to treat cancer. here's steve young. he had an aggressive skin cancer called melanoma surgically removed last year. he's one of 1000 people in this trial of mrna vaccines. and a new one has to be designed for each individual patient to destroy any lingering cancerous tissue. obviously, it's really important that people take part in things like this, because otherwise, how else can we move forward? you know, i mean, so this trial, you know, in five, ten years' time,

someone's going to be really, really benefiting. so how do you design a vaccine for each patient? well, here's the science. so cancers are corrupted versions of our own cells. they have mutations that make them look different to the rest of the body. and these vaccines train the immune system to find those differences. scientists will scan the dna or the genetic code of both the healthy tissue and the cancerous tissue. and by comparing them, they can find the parts that make a patient�*s cancer distinct from their normal tissue, the parts the immune system could attack. the genetic information here becomes part of the personalised mrna vaccine, and when it's injected, it teaches the immune system how to seek out and kill a patient�*s cancer. but no two cancers are the same. so you have to go through this whole process for each patient, developing a unique vaccine

for each unique cancer. we use a piece of tumour that's already been removed from a patient as part of the treatment of their melanoma. and that's used to generate some specific markers from the cancer, which can help the immune system seek out and destroy any cancer cells that are still hiding in the system that are beyond the limit of our current detection ability, and hopefully prevent that cancer coming back in the future. so when could they be available? drug companies are aiming for the end of the decade as this trial still needs to be completed. and then there are practical questions about how such personalised vaccines are regulated and even paid for. and could it even work for all cancers? well, it's not clear at the moment whether this approach will. the most optimism is in the heavily mutated tumours such as melanoma, as well as things like lung, colon and bladder cancer. but still, the idea of personalised cancer vaccinesjoining the likes of surgery, radiotherapy and chemo as a key pillar of cancer medicine

is causing genuine excitement. quite a breakthrough, james gallagher reporting there. here in the uk, john lewis and waitrose job applicants can now see interview questions beforehand — in what the company says is an attempt to make the process fairer. lorna bullett, the firm's talent head, said interviews would "be no less rigorous", but some recruiters argue it could remove "authenticity" from answers. questions for the mostjunior roles include "tell me about a significant change that you have had to adapt to in the past". meanwhile, applicants for more senior roles could be asked "when have you taken the time to provide very difficult feedback to someone"? 0r "tell me about an innovative idea or solution that you have formulated". daniel harris is director at recruiter robert walters. i asked for his thoughts.

it's not completely conventional, but it's also something that's not completely brand new. at the same time, there's been i guess in the many years i've been recruitment, there's always been situations where candidates have been given heads ups or information pre—interviews. and i think it's really important to say that, actually, as much as there are some reasons why it might not necessarily be beneficial, there's some good pros to the process as well, for sure. what are the pros? just talk us through those and the reasons that john lewis are doing this. yeah, ithink, you know, interviews can be quite an anxiety inducing experience. so i think if a candidate has the ability to read through those questions beforehand and properly prepare or certainly reduce some of those levels of anxiety. and i think from a diversity point of view, which is a very hot topic currently, it will just allow any business, you know, john lewis in this situation, to attract a more diverse pool of candidates where it isn't

always about who's the quickest thinker or who's the who's got the gift of the gab or whatever it might be, butjust someone who's had some time to think about it. so, yeah, i guess from the level of levelling the playing field, providing some more transparency, and i think from a candidate experience point of view, it would be a good thing. you are watching bbc news. two teachers who were injured in a stabbing at a school in south wales on wednesday have issued a statement, saying it is 'difficult to comprehend' what happened. fiona elias and liz hopkin also said they wanted to thank the emergency services and medical staff. it comes as a 13—year—old girl has appeared in court charged with three counts of attempted murder. the girl — who cannot be named — was remanded into a detention centre, and will appear at swansea crown court in may. a primary school teacher has admitted murdering her partner, whose body was found

buried in their garden. the remains of 42—year—old nicholas billingham were found in northampton in march 2022, four months after he was last seen alive. fiona beal, who's 50, will be sentenced next month. a court in romania has ruled that the trial of the online influencer, andrew tate, and his brother tristan, will go ahead. they're facing charges of organised crime and human trafficking. their lawyers had challenged the admissibility of evidence. today's ruling, which has not set a date for the trial, will be appealed by the tates. two romanian women are also charged with similar offences alongside the tate brothers. manchester's new co—op live arena has postponed its opening until may, because it's still not ready. the venue, which is the uk's biggest indoor arena, had already delayed comedian peter kay's opening shows, which were due to take place earlier this week. the venue said it needed more time to test emergency communication systems. peter kay said the delay

was 'very disappointing'. a government minister's appearance on question time has hit the headlines — after he appeared to confuse two different countries in africa. the policing minister, chris philp, was asked about the government's policy to deport illegal migrants to rwanda — and whether someone escaping the conflict in neighbouring congo, which has clashed militarily with rwanda — would also be subject to the deportation. let's have a listen to the exchange. i come from a neighbouring country called congo, if you know geography, that is located right next door to rwanda. and right now, in goma, there is a genocide going on and there is such a big conflict going on with people from rwanda. had my family members come from goma, on the crossing right now, would they be sent back to the country that they are supposedly warring, rwanda ? does that make any sense to you? no, i think there's an exclusion on people

from rwanda being sent there. they are not from rwanda, they are from congo. the point being, - they are from congo. they are supposedly warring, these people from rwanda, are they then going to be sent to rwanda, if they came here on a crossing? from congo? yes. well, would people be sent... rwanda is a different country from congo, isn't it? it's a different country? yes, it is. laughter. if they come from congo, - would they be sent to rwanda? a woman who lost herjob in lockdown and decided to focus on running to keep her busy has just been told she'll represent team gb in the marathon, at this summer's 0lympics. rose harvey, who's 31, started running ten years ago for fun — and discovered, to her surprise, she was rather good. sophie raworth has been talking to her. rose harvey only started running ten years ago, when she moved to london and joined a running club to get fit and meet people. keep pushing, keep pushing. well done, rose. she never imagined it would lead her to the olympics. i still cannot believe it.

i am absolutely buzzing with excitement. itjust feels like two minutes ago that i was still working full—time as a lawyer and just running forfun. i mean, the last 0lympics, i wasn't even fast enough to make the trial. for years, rose was a good club runner, completing the london marathon in three hours, but it was lockdown that changed everything. also, i was made redundant from myjob and i had three months basically at home, and i needed a lockdown product, so that's how i started training seriously. and if i hadn't have had that forced upon me, i would i wouldn't be heading to paris. project lockdown worked. rose suddenly found herself on elite start lines. go on, rosie! go on, girl! come on, push it! push it! but it was in chicago last autumn that she ran her fastest ever marathon — in two hours and 23 minutes — cheered on by herfiance, charlie. so good!

come on, bring on olympic qualifying time! _ there must be so many people out there with talents that are just undiscovered, and perhaps they haven't... they haven't fully realised their potential yet. just take the plunge with whatever is fun, whatever you love doing, and just see where you can go with it, because you never know where it might take you. well, very good luck to roles in the olympics. now, time for the weather. 0lympics. now, time for the weather. here is chris. hello there. one thing that's been in quite short supply this month is sunshine. so i'm sure these sunny skies that we have through friday morning would have been welcomed. but it was a cold start for some. cumbria had temperatures down as low as minus six degrees celsius. and through the afternoon, we did see quite a few showers develop, as you can see here on the afternoon radar picture. some of those showers worked into cornwall. you can see quite big thunderclouds here on the horizon of helston. now, during this evening and overnight, we got outbreaks of rain moving into southern england, perhaps reaching the far south of wales.

a few showers for northern scotland, but otherwise the day showers will melt away. clear skies for scotland, northern ireland and northern england will allow another widespread and sharp frost. in the south, it's frost free because we've got that cloud and rain moving in. and this weekend we are going to see this area of low pressure move up from spain, bringing with it some quite heavy rain for a time. now, on saturday, we'll get some rain pushing into southern england early in the morning, reaching across parts of wales into the midlands and east anglia. as that moves in, there'll be a chilly northeasterly wind, perhaps a few heavy showers into southern england into the afternoon. for northern ireland, northern england and scotland, after a cold and frosty start, there'll be some sunshine, but showers will be around into the afternoon and it's going to be another chilly day — temperatures 10—13 degrees. for sunday, our area of low pressure moves in from spain, bringing rain across quite large areas of england, working into east and scotland. west is best. that's where we'll see the driest weather. not completely dry, though. it will be a day of sunshine and showers out west —

temperatures 10—13 degrees. so it's another chilly day. but this is the last of the chilly days. as we head into next week, we're going to see temperatures rise as much milder air gets pulled in from europe. but with low pressures around about the uk, it's not exactly going to be a dry forecast. on monday, we start to see some of that milder air arrive on these southerly winds. outbreaks of rain, though, pretty extensive, probably the wettest weather for northern ireland, probably south western parts of england and wales seeing rain, eastern areas this time seeing the driest weather. but these temperatures are rising and climbing back to average for this time of the year, and that warming trend continues into next week. in the warmest spots, we could see temperatures reach the high teens or even low 20s, but there will be some showers or outbreaks of rain around as well. bye for now.

hello, i'm ben thompson. you're watching the context on bbc news. good news for the king, it is good news about the king's health, it is good news for those that want to see the king out and about. but a fair few qualifications, the most important of which, of course, is that his treatment has not finished. his treatment continues. this has been a really tough time for the royal family, with both the king and the princess of wales being diagnosed with cancer. and, like with any family, that has come as a huge blow. they have also had to deal with intense media scrutiny. a very, very positive sign in terms of his recovery, | in terms of his response to the treatment. - of course we don't know what type of cancer, - we don't know what type of treatment he's been having _ a return to public duties for king charles, after receiving

treatment for cancer. doctors say they are pleased with the king's progress and remain