in the uk since the 19605. it looks like great britain is sinking with the amount of foreigners that are here. i think there's a lot the immigration population can bring to a country. at the last election, the government promised to reduce immigration. but it didn't go down. it went up. they say one thing and do another. and this has been the situation for years and years and years. i i think it's one big bloody mess, to be honest with you. - when it comes to immigration, right now, one issue dominates. one of my top priorities as prime minister is to stop the boats. you may have the impression it's small boats that have driven a record rise in net migration. they haven't. while the issue is important, in the context of overall immigration, the numbers are tiny. it's not small boats behind the increase. it's choices made by the government. i am not going to shy

away from the truth that is the government did take steps to actually increase inward migration. it's the inevitable consequence of government policy. - so why has the government said one thing on immigration and done another? to understand what's really going on with immigration, i want to start in norfolk. you're going to go back to the lunch. the docking house care home looks after 39 residents, many of them with dementia or other complex needs. we have to make, you know, activities for them, you know, their hygiene, their nutrition, their wellbeing. meenu is from india and is a senior care worker. and we have to do all their personal care, you know, make them feel good.

meenu's been working here for eight months while her husband and two children remain in india. i want to give them good life, good values, good education. and i thought, 0k, we need money also, you know, for living. because of rules that allowed care workers to bring dependants, meenu's family willjoin her in may. i'm excited. and they too excited, you know, because one day my daughter asked me, "when are we going to reunite?" so we are going to reunite, and that dream is going to be very soon. yeah, so bought the place in 2002. this care home is one of five owned by raj sehgal. he says brexit and the pandemic made finding and keeping staff a real problem. two years ago, instead of the 130 staff raj needed, he had 77. we are in the job centres, we go to the schools,

we go to job fairs. in care, we just simply could not recruit. and as a result of that, we had to start shutting down beds. there you go. so 35% of our beds were shut. we couldn't get the staff to look after the people that we had safely. thank you! raj and other care home owners campaigned to make it easier to employ overseas care workers. in 2021, the government agreed. right now, 40% of raj�*s staff are from abroad. he's filled almost all of his vacancies. if we didn't have international recruitment, we didn't have the staff that we've got, i think we would probably be closed by now. in england last year, there were around 150,000 job vacancies in adult social care. raj�*s daughterjasmine now runs an agency helping to find staff for their care homes and others. we started getting asked by other

providers, what are we doing? - how are we doing it? and why are we suddenly fully. staffed and they are struggling? professor brian bell is the chair of the independent committee of immigration experts, which advises the government. in december 2021, it recommended allowing more overseas care staff. it also said the government should fund higher pay to encourage more british workers. we said the only way to deal with the problem in the long run was to pay care workers properly. two years after we submitted our report, we've had no response from the government and care worker pay hasn't changed. if they'd bitten the bullet and done the right thing for care workers, they would have also have had an effect on immigration. the government says it's investing in better training and clearer career paths for care workers. after brexit, most people

coming to work or live in the uk need a visa. last year, the government issued more than 1.4 million visas. 146,000 of them went to health and social care workers. another 203,000 went to their dependants. combined, that was around a quarter of the 1.4 million visas. they're big numbers and, to the care sector, they've made a big difference. but after brexit, they may not be what you expected. what's happened with immigration feels a long way from 2016. vote leave and to take back control. take back control. we can take back control over our immigration system. talking about taking back control of immigration was a very clear dog whistle. i don't think we could be under any illusions — for a lot of voters, when they heard control, they heard reduction of numbers as well. three years after the vote to leave

the eu, the conservative party made a pledge. in 2019, the conservatives�* election manifesto promised that overall immigration numbers would come down. but the numbers went up and we've seen a record rise in net migration. that's the difference between the number of people arriving and leaving each year. in 2015, the year before the brexit vote, it was 303,000. the latest estimate is 672,000 — more than double the figure when the uk voted for brexit. the uk now had more control of its immigration system, but the government used that control to allow more people to come to the uk. how did that happen? suella braverman was rishi sunak�*s home secretary until he sacked her last november. there's no two ways about it. we have failed to reduce

overall migration. - would you say then that brexit has failed to deliver on immigration? no, i would say that government has failed to lower migration. _ we've taken back control- of our borders, but how we've exercised that power is totally at odds with what the people i expected following brexit and what we promised i in the 2019 general election. the government, though, sees things quite differently. what do you think happened between taking office after the 2019 election, and now, that we've seen a large spike in immigration? what's responsible for that? we have lived in unprecedented times. when you consider the context of the international crises that we have played our part, i think rightly in responding to, we've seen incredible generosity in our country to people from ukraine, people from afghanistan, people from syria and other conflict zones. that is an important part of why we've seen the figures as they are.

it is important, but it's not the only reason for the record rise in net migration. in 2022, the government issued almost 300,000 humanitarian visas to people from places like ukraine and hong kong, but last year it fell to 102,000. that's just 7% of the 1.4 million visas issued. so it's far from the full story, because the government has made other choices that have pushed up the numbers. coventry is one of the uk's fastest growing universities and 40% of the students at its uk campuses are from overseas, like these sports science students. is it too tight? no, that's fine. 0k. tuition fees for uk undergraduates at english universities are capped

by the government at £9,250 a year. and then, yeah, i will start now. that hasn't risen for seven years, but costs have, leaving some universities with financial challenges. 2.2kmph. here at coventry, like many universities, they've been targeting overseas students to help them balance the books. that's great. 0verseas students pay considerably more than a uk student, and that then cross—subsidises the uk undergraduate fee. we don't see any prospect right now of that increasing. and in order to maintain the outstanding quality of uk higher education, more universities have put more effort into international student recruitment. i know for this course work that time is very limited. if tuition fees for universities were raised, it could reduce the need for overseas students.

but that would cost a lot. and it hasn't happened. with regards to education, would you say the government has also there made a choice for immigration? yeah, of course it has. so it decided to introduce fees for domestic students at about £9,000, and then it also decided not to increase them. that's a choice of the government not to fund education in a particular way. the inevitable consequence is more immigration. can you hop onto the first plate? the government couldn't have been clearer that it wanted more students from abroad. it even set a target of an overseas student population of 600,000 by 2030. one, two... push, push, push, push, push, push, push, push, push! the target was met nine years early. stop. the message over the last 10—20 years is that international students add huge value to uk higher education. so you feel that you're doing what the government would like you to do?

absolutely. three years ago, the government reintroduced a graduate work visa, allowing overseas students to work for two years after their course finishes. once more, the government hadn't taken the advice it was offered. the committee recommended that there shouldn't be a graduate route. we were concerned that that would become a route for people who wanted to work in the uk rather than for people who wanted to study in the uk. we recognise the arguments were finely balanced so it wasn't a, you know, we weren't particularly vehement in our view, but that was our view that we recommended. the government decided to introduce the graduate route. that meant more migration. the visitor centre looks good to me. but, anyway. for postgraduate students, the uk was also attractive because they could bring dependants. aparna golla is from india. she's just finished a master's degree in global health care at coventry and wants to open a clinic back home. so, i cannot get that kind

of education in india. indian health care is like completely different from what we see in any of the western countries. so that was a driving factor for me to choose a, you know, to study abroad rather than in india. aparna came to the uk with her husband, whose work helped support her. we both came in and then he started working and i started studying. so it sounds like the fact that you could bring your husband was a major factor in choosing the uk. definitely. that's the most important factor for me, because obviously i wanted to completely give my 100% to studies. last year, the government issued more than 457,000 visas to students and more than 143,000 to their dependants. together, they made up nearly 42% of the 1.4 million visas issued last year. as the consequences of the government's own policies became clear, it slammed

on the brakes. in may last year, it announced that most overseas students would no longer be able to bring dependants. we see around many countries in the world that immigration tends to be a trial and error kind of exercise. it's actuallyjust incredibly difficult to predict how many people are actually going to take up your immigration policies. sometimes it's much larger than the government expects. the government's changes are already having an impact. some universities are seeing a sharp drop in applications from overseas students. it's a source of frustration, because what we would like is stability of policy. they're quite entitled to make adjustment. i understand that. i wish that they would make the adjustment that they are doing in a more measured, thought—through way. any loss of overseas student income could pose a financial risk to some british universities. do you accept that if the number

of students from overseas is reduced to a certain level, the government will have to step in with a change to the funding model? i think what we've gotj to accept is that some universities may well go bust, they may well close, - and i don't think that'sl necessarily a bad thing. in march this year, the government also ordered a review of the visa that allows students to stay on and work — the visa it had introduced three years ago. the government took a view that we thought that that was the right thing to do to support the university sector. but when you consider the dependent numbers that have come with students, that has been very, very challenging. do you accept that overseas students are playing a crucial part in the financial equation of how that sector works? i think international students are an important part of the business model of our universities, but there are also other factors that we have to think

about as the uk government. it's notjust students and care workers that have contributed to the net migration figures. these systems here will make the machines work more efficiently. down the road from coventry university is ccs technology. it works with some of the biggest employers in the midlands, like jaguar—land rover and airbus. so, this is a new type of robot we're working with. we're in the process of partnering with bosch to launch this. mark fursland runs the company, which is exactly the kind of high—skilled business that the government wants to thrive. five of his eight software engineers are from overseas. recruitment and the availability of engineers is the biggest challenge we have in our business today. the government has encouraged

businesses to hire more british workers, but that's only possible if the skilled workers are here. are you finding engineers here in the uk? we do find engineers here in the uk, but they're few and far between. there is a skills gap, and at the moment, the only way we can fulfil those gaps is by bringing in engineers from overseas. do you think you could grow your business as you want to without immigration? no. we couldn't fulfil our roles and responsibilities for our customers. skilled workers outside of health and social care received almost 66,000 visas last year, along with 52,000 for dependants. that accounts for around 8% of the total 1.4 million visas. if businesses are to use more british workers, that means more vocational training. the government has set new targets to increase skills, but the uk is playing catch—up.

the uk is not very good at all at training people, particularly with technician skills, craft skills, vocational skills. we have fewer people doing that kind of training than almost any other developed country. and that's been true for a long time, and that does mean that we have sometimes filled those gaps with people coming in from elsewhere. the uk's population is projected to reach 74 million by 2036, almost entirely driven by immigration. that's an increase of more than 6 million people. that is five birminghams. that's thousands of schools, - many hospitals, and hundreds of gp surgeries that we simply don't have. many more homes are going to need to be built. - so i think it is a national. disaster, because we don't have the resources.

when your parents moved to this country, and when many people at the same time moved to this country, some people were raising similar concerns. why was it something that benefited our country then, and something which is harming our country now? my parents are but one example i of millions of people who have over the decades found opportunity - and security in the united kingdom. i'm very proud of that track record. but what i'm talking about here is scale, not the principle. - public services are already under pressure, not least because of a spending squeeze that's lasted more than a decade. and some argue, overall, immigrants don't add pressure, they help to ease it. on average, immigrants pay more tax than they use, in terms of public services. they're younger than the average for the domestic population, they use the health service less, and so on — neil 0'brien is a conservative mp in leicestershire. he claims, across the uk, housing is being impacted by immigration.

the sheer pace of that - and the incredible number of people who have come, - well, that puts pressure on both housing and infrastructure. so it means that we have much higher rents, that it's - harder to afford a house, . that many people are stuck in crowded housing. and, at least across the last 14 years, there have been conservative prime ministers who perhaps could have done more to get more houses built? so, i think we should have both done more in terms of housing _ supply and also done more to reduce migration. - but what impact does immigration have on housing? since 2011, the population here in leicester has grown by more than 40,000, mostly because of immigration. most new migrants tend to rent. in the last two years, rental prices in leicester have risen by more than 20%. here in leicester, immigration is going up, and rents are going up. the question is, whether one

is causing the other. good morning. readings, abbie speaking. how i can help? will ravenhill has been an estate agent in leicester for 35 years. he says immigration has increased demand, but it's not the main reason for rising rents. choice for interrupting the panorama programme there. we are taking you live to windsor castle where we are going to see shortly king charles coming out of st george's chapel where an easter service has been held at windsor castle itself. a significant moment for the royal family and the british public as well, as this will be his first public appearance. we did see him arrive earlier when he was greeted by the crowds and arrived with queen

camilla smiling and waving at members of the public. as he arrived for that easter sunday service. he's a 75 years old and of course undergoing treatment for cancer. we arejust undergoing treatment for cancer. we are just watching the door there as he comes out with other members of the royal family. he comes out with other members of the royalfamily. sarah campbell, our royal correspondent, is actually at windsor castle. sarah, the service has been held. so many people watching king charles as he stepped out of that car and waved to the crowds that had lined the streets. , , ., ., ., , , streets. yes, you are absolutely riuht. i streets. yes, you are absolutely right- i am _ streets. yes, you are absolutely right- i amjust_ streets. yes, you are absolutely right. i am just on _ streets. yes, you are absolutely right. i am just on the _ streets. yes, you are absolutely right. i am just on the other - streets. yes, you are absolutely| right. i am just on the other side of the henry viii gate, so those pictures are the galilee porch, one of the exits, the exit from the st george's chapel that the royal family traditionally use. i should say that there are a number of members of the public, we spoke to

some of them a little earlier on today, who are queueing up to get in, so they were also some of them inside the chapel and they will have left the chapel now. and they will be building up, lining the grass verges which, if you can imagine, what you're looking at now, behind the camera, that is where people will be and hoping to get a glimpse of the king and queen. as you say, other members of the royal family. the service went on for about an hour and my understanding is that the king and queen as is traditional will have gone for a brief reception with the dean of windsor. so they will be the last to leave the building, so in a sense, it's allowing all these other people who were inside the chapel to leave in an orderly queue because one imagines the king and queen don't want to have to wait to file out of the chapel, so they will be the last to leave. sojust the chapel, so they will be the last to leave. so just keeping the chapel, so they will be the last to leave. sojust keeping on the chapel, so they will be the last to leave. so just keeping on looking at those pictures, yeah, the

significance of today really is that this is the first major public appearance that the king has made since that cancer diagnosis is made public on the 5th of february. he was seen a few days later walking to the private church on the sandringham estate, but inasmuch as being out and about, meeting members of the public, being in areas with members of the public, there really hasn't been that sort of appearance since then, so that is why this is significant. and obviously, that is why people are looking at this today and taking from it it's a positive signal in terms of the health of the king. we know that since the 5th of february, he has been undergoing cancer treatment. anybody who has undergone cancer treatment will be aware that it can be difficult,

physically, there is also the risk of infection. and so if you are thinking about why the king has largely been out of the public, having one—to—one meetings, that's largely at. this appearance today, we can see some children there with a posy i presume waiting for queen camilla. they will hand that over. but as i say, people taking it as a positive sign that the king's medical team feel he is physically up medical team feel he is physically up to this sort of appearance as he is today. i should say he was surrounded by members of the family when he arrived, just over an hour ago. his siblings were all there the princess royal, and vice admiral tim lawrence as was prince andrew, and the duchess of york, sarah ferguson, who of course we know has been recovering from her own cancer diagnosis. the duke and duchess of

edinburgh, they were also there. as well as their son, the earl of wessex. so very much a family event. i was talking about the fact that the risk of infection, if you think about a service like this, perhaps thinking of medical team is that it's a large building, st george's chapel, obviously very well ventilated. the royalfamily ventilated. the royal family traditionally ventilated. the royalfamily traditionally sits in the choir area whereas the public sits in the nave so there is a separation. it doesn't mean that the king and queen are surrounded by lots of other people, so in a sense, it's an area that is able to be slightly controllable as far as buildings are concerned and also of course, let's not forget it's very near windsor castle. it's only a five minute or so journey from there, so if he were to feel tired or need a rest, it's not far

away. we were talking earlier, wintry, about this sort of dialling up wintry, about this sort of dialling up of engagements if you like? sort of building up to engagements. 0n of building up to engagements. on tuesday at buckingham palace, we saw him photographed with a number of faith leaders, so holding a forum there. that was the first time he had been photographed with a number of people. again, sign his medical team are feeling that his immunity, treatment, is such that he is able to take part in those sorts of appearances so just a reminder if you'rejoining us, we are appearances so just a reminder if you're joining us, we are watching the galilee porch at st george's chapel because for the last hour, the king and camilla, along with other members of the royal family, have been inside for the traditional easter sunday service. the service lasted for approximately one hour, but it is traditional afterwards to go and have a reception with the

dean of windsor, so this would explain why everyone else is leaving, but the senior members of the royalfamily leaving, but the senior members of the royal family have not left as yet. but i'm sure it won't be long, certainly you have two children there looking like they are anticipating a meeting shortly. i'm sure that they will be out soon but behind the camera, as i was saying, there are members of the public, windsor estate staff who are waiting to catch a glimpse of the king. lots of people i was speaking to earlier today had travelled from as far afield as 0hio, from new york, from other parts, far—flung parts of the uk, to be herejust to send their well wishes to the king. there are a lot of people who have been sending their messages of support to the king. we know because he's issued a statement, photographed looking through cards, he's really appreciated their messages of

support and i'm sure today, as he leaves at st george's chapel and he sees people clapping, waving to him, i'm sure that will be a boost to his health at this time as well. i was saying earlier we did speak to some members of the crowd so let's see if we have got time just before we see the king emerging to play those and hear what some of the people waiting to see him were saying to me. i love the royal family and me and my sister booked the trips can see them. we came for the weekend because we think it's _ we came for the weekend because we think it's very— we came for the weekend because we think it's very important _ we came for the weekend because we think it's very important to _ we came for the weekend because we think it's very important to show - think it's very important to show support— think it's very important to show surmort for— think it's very important to show surmort for him _ think it's very important to show support for him with _ think it's very important to show support for him with his - think it's very important to show support for him with his illness i think it's very important to show i support for him with his illness and you want— support for him with his illness and you want to — support for him with his illness and you want to be _ support for him with his illness and you want to be able _ support for him with his illness and you want to be able to _ support for him with his illness and you want to be able to give - support for him with his illness and you want to be able to give him - support for him with his illness and you want to be able to give him a l you want to be able to give him a loud cheer— you want to be able to give him a loud cheer as_ you want to be able to give him a loud cheer as he _ you want to be able to give him a loud cheer as he goes— you want to be able to give him a loud cheer as he goes into - you want to be able to give him a loud cheer as he goes into the i loud cheer as he goes into the chapeh — loud cheer as he goes into the chapeh [— loud cheer as he goes into the cha el. . ., chapel. i am here in the uk doing some travelling _ chapel. i am here in the uk doing some travelling and _ chapel. i am here in the uk doing some travelling and i'm _ chapel. i am here in the uk doing some travelling and i'm here - chapel. i am here in the uk doing some travelling and i'm here to i some travelling and i'm here to attend the easter service and i absolutely love the royal family and wish them the best easter ever. first and foremost, i am hoping to worship _ first and foremost, i am hoping to

worship christ because it is easter sunday. _ worship christ because it is easter sunday, and i would like to see the royal— sunday, and i would like to see the royal family because they are very meaningful to us, even in the us, and it's_ meaningful to us, even in the us, and it'sjust — meaningful to us, even in the us, and it'sjust an honour to be here and it'sjust an honour to be here and hopefully i will see the family, whoever— and hopefully i will see the family, whoever is — and hopefully i will see the family, whoever is attending today. | and hopefully i will see the family, whoever is attending today.- whoever is attending today. i think that aives whoever is attending today. i think that gives you _ whoever is attending today. i think that gives you a — whoever is attending today. i think that gives you a sense _ whoever is attending today. i think that gives you a sense of - whoever is attending today. i think that gives you a sense of that - whoever is attending today. i think| that gives you a sense of that there are people around the world who have been sending their messages of support to the king over the last couple of months since his cancer diagnosis was made public. we should say i listed the people, members of the royal family who say i listed the people, members of the royalfamily who had accompanied mccain, largely his siblings, and their partners and spouses or members of theirfamily. their partners and spouses or members of their family. of course, the family that isn't here, that are usually here, are the prince and princess of wales. and their three children, george, charlotte and louis. and of course, we know because the princess issued that very personal statement last friday

that she herself was diagnosed with cancer. she is undergoing preventative chemotherapy. as far as the princess is concerned, she is going to be staying out of the public eye and continuing her recovery from that. continuing her treatments. we heard her call for times the space and for privacy. so that certainly explains why the wales is not here today. the princess royal, the princess and is here with her husband. prince andrew is here with his ex—wife, the duchess of york, who as we know it is still very much a part of his life, and herself recovering from a cancer diagnosis. the duke and duchess of edinburgh, king charles�*s youngest brother are also here with

their family as well.