time, a long time to get much time, a long time to get governments on board, and we do not have that time. in ten years we will double the amount of plastics, and that's why we need to work with the private sector server products and services we use private sector server products and services we use oui’ private sector server products and services we use our redesigned and we can reuse the plastics and the way we use plastic in particular, how we can sort it and then reuse it, recycle it to new products and that's what we referred to as the circle economy, trying to see the materials we are producing as a part ofa materials we are producing as a part of a broader chain, so the corporations can take action and they have to be powerful because multinational corporations are all over the world. they produce in various parts and they have a strong responsibility but also a strong interest in this and this week, the first car manufacturing company

announced they will, by 2025, use 2596 announced they will, by 2025, use 25% recycled plastic in their cars. parts of it come from discharged fishnets, for example, and that's one example that will lead companies to put a lot more effort into the materials they use and emphasis on recycled material which could reduce pressure on the sectors and also other parts of the production chain to find those solutions. and i think also, it's so valuable and a fantastic initiative the blue planet brought attention to everyone out there. and they really felt connected to the ocean and that is also something which shows this is just not about the government and for corporations and media, it also needs to be followed by key messages and substance, so by forming those partnerships between governments, private sector, media, scientists,

eve ryo ne private sector, media, scientists, everyone wants to be part of this global effort and corporations in partnerships are thinking differently to find those solutions, and it's a very strong response to this. that is now coming along, as an outcome of this blue planet ii. lets hope that optimism is justified. it's a message for all of us justified. it's a message for all of us who are spending any time by the sea this weekend to bear in mind. thanks so much for being with us from sweden this lunchtime. time now for a look at the weather. he will be pleased to hear we are in for a glorious weekend. if you were hoping for some rain, most of us won't see it. a bit of rain for the north highland northern isles. elsewhere this afternoon, temperatures between 17 to 2a degrees. high cloud so hazy

sunshine. but it will stick around into the evening. dry overnight. temperatures not as low as recent days but still reasonably fresh start on sunday morning. sunday looks like another fine day. dry, it more sunshine than today. there will still be a little bit of high cloud full. temperatures a few degrees celsius warmer. highs in the region of 20 to 25 degrees. cooler around some coasts with sea breeze is developing and cloud or parts of east anglia and the south—east. temperatures continuing to rise, perhaps 30 degrees next week. goodbye. this week — robot hunts killer starfish, hurricane in a tube, and gravity train runs out of steam. florida, america's sunshine state.

and home to the us‘s first sustainable town. this is babcock ranch. powered, befittingly, almost entirely by that big ball in the sky. it is 33 degrees. the humidity is, i believe, about i,000,000%. and i have come to a solar field, so you don't have to. 343,000 solar panels span some 440 acres, providing 75

megawatts of electricity. that is enough to power 15,000 homes. one of the big problems with solar energy has been with the clouds, over or especially when it gets dark, the whole thing effectively goes dead. and we have not really had a way of storing solar energy until very recently. but over there, ten buildings full of batteries. so it is a start. a pretty good one, too. babcock has the largest combined solar and storage facility in the us. the batteries can store 40 megawatt hours of electricity, which is enough to keep around 2000 average us homes are alight for four hours. of course, lithium batteries are just one way of storing energy to use later. we have seen other methods before. there is electric mountain in wales which holds water at a top reservoir until power is needed, it then releases it back

down to the lake below. switzerland's air cave fills itself with compressed air and then blows it out to turn turbines. now, over in california, kate russell is on track to see a new solution. since the oil crisis of the 1970s, california has invested heavily into wind and solar power, with the latest state legislation calling for 50% renewable energy by 2030, and all new homes must have solar within two years. the state is way ahead of its target, so much so that they have had to start paying neighbouring states to take some of the energy from them. as we've heard before, the problem is storage will stop the grid was built to handle fossil fuel generated power and storage solutions like hydroelectric dams are in short supply. batteries are bad for the environment, turning a news

renewable energy into not such a green solution. california —based company aries have come up with one alternative. aries was really an attempt to think of a way to use the inexhaustible, always reliable power of gravity. we know gravity is going to be there for us. we don't have to worry about shortages or any of that. so how do we use gravity to store and then discharge power when we needed? power when we need it? one of the most official ways that make best ways are railroads. 150 years of experience, incredibly efficient, steel wheels on steel rails are one of the most efficient ways to move mass. dubbed the gravity train, energy is used in electricity to push its weight uphill. when you want to take the energy out, you let gravity pull the train back down,

using the friction braking to slow to the train in order to make power. it was like the sameway hybrid electric cars like previous work. you see those wind turbines behind me, they are completely still, even though there is clearly plenty of wind right now. it is not because they are broken, it is because there is no more room to store the energy they would create. and that is the problem the gravity train will solve. when you are into access energy production, use it to power the train up a hill, when you want the energy back, send the train back down again. this demo train carries almost five times uphill, storing energy as it goes. a full—scale installation will return 80% of the stored energy, which is not quite as efficient as a huge dam, but has a lot less impact. the amount of energy we store is the weight of the train times the height of the hill. the more weight and the higher

the hill, the more energy we can store. we need long, gently sloping plains. we have clients who approached us and said i only have steep, rocky, craggy mountains, so we have developed a new variation on the aries technology at almost vertical. in october, the company breaks ground on the first full—scale aries in the state of nevada. it will be used to fine tune the inconsistent energy flows that are a natural part of using solar and wind power. minute by minute it will trim the imbalance between the load and generation on the grid, so our trains may need to go uphill for a minute, they need to go downhill for five minutes, they are constantly acting like a large flywheel that allows the grid to stay at exactly 60 hertz. it is early days yet and the concept has yet to be proved in nevada, but it could help solve one of the renewable industry's biggest

conundrums right now, balancing the ebb and flow of nature made enemy in a more substantial way circular after we run 30 or 40 years after we run 30 or 40 years providing energy storage and helping people we can remove all of our facilities very quickly, 96% of them can be either repurposed or recycled, so only 4% of our facilities would ever go into a landfill. we are trying to reduce that. we can then plant some native vegetation and six months later you would never know our facility was there. that was kate on a roll in california. back at babcock i am going for a solar powered speed in an autonomous shuttle, with its chief financial officer. i guess the motivation for having these autonomous vehicles is that you are encouraging families here to not have as many cars. correct. 0ur thought is that over time most families in the us are a two carfamily. our hope is that we can get

from a two car to a i—carfamily, you have a car for the family, perhaps, but if you have it for a commuterfor work you were needed, you can take the autonomous shuttle to work. i think, realistically, within the next 10— 15 years we can go from two to 1—car. you think the us government at the moment doesn't... i think they get it. governments move slowly, typically. in major cities, major metros, where traffic and pollution are an issue, technology can come in and save a lot of that. i think governments can step up and sold a lot of that. and solve a lot of that. we are seeing that slowly. what we are hearing and reading about it a lot of major urban cores are going to become, there will be restricted access, if you drive your car, you can't get in.

up to a certain mile, three miles outside of the citicorp you will not be able to get in outside of a autonomous vehicle. building a city or a town that is sustainable, you are not going to be able to do this in colder, more crowded parts of the world. i think that is right. we have a unique situation here, we have the benefit of scale. there are not many people who have 1000 acres of land. that is a big chunk of it. along with autonomous shuttles, babcock has its own water and waste facilities, and as and as well as reclaiming water, there is a restriction on the amount you are allowed to use. it can reflect heat, making homes 10% better at keeping cool, and the range's on—site gym is environmentally friendly, too, it is powered by the treadmills. 0ne incentive to get off the couch, i suppose. it is a commendable vision to build a town with all these sustainable values, but i can't help thinking can only really do this when you are building a community from scratch.

i mean, could you imagine trying to retrofit an existing town with all of these technologies? you basically have to tear up the infrastructure and tear down all the buildings and start from scratch anyway. babcock has been built in the style of older towns, to attract those who are not necessarily find a venue built feel. are you expecting me? people like the kinleys. mind if i step inside your air—conditioning and stay there? they have a robot vacuum cleaner. a coffee making fridge. it is set up so it won't spill all over the place. and an electric car. for richard, a self—confessed geek and a real fan of click, babcock was his calling. just reading tech blogs all the time on the internet and it sounded fascinating to me. i liked the idea that it was an environmentally friendly and was looking forward as far as energy solutions. in atlanta, we lived just downwind

from one of the biggest coal polluting plants in the country. i thought that cannot be healthy. i think of it as guilt free living. in the uk when you have a small town with a central area that you can walk to, it encourages walking, so it is the lifestyle. and while the buildings may look like historic florida, for me it was also all the technology, you know, having one gigabyte of fibre optic, intranet in the homes... optic, internet in the homes... yeah, you definitely like that. hello and welcome to the week in tech. it was the week that the world health organization classified gaming disorder as a condition capable of causing debilitating addiction. arguing with your malfunctioning tech could soon become a whole lot more intellectually stimulating.

ibm put its project debator to the test this week. the system as the arguments of its human opponent and then scans hundreds of millions of documents in its memory to construct what it considers to be a sound and logical argument. having analysed the data, i will argue... ever wish you caught something can slow motion after you'd filmed at? a chip designer shows us how ai could be used to fill in the gaps, turning 30 frames per second footage into 240 frames per second slick slow motion. and finally, the battle for our eyes and ears is hotting up. facebook has gone head to head with youtube, with plans to let social media stars into its previously high end watch programme. meanwhile, facebook owned instagram is has plans to host longer videos on the programme, much like youtube. youtube has been wanting its subscription service, making content available off—line

in 12 more countries, including the uk. confused? just go watch a video and relax. hurricane season is just around the corner in the us and that means that south florida is once again at risk from deadly winds and storm surges. much of it lies less than five metres above sea level. miami airport is just one meat. miami airport is just one meatmetre. miami airport is just one metre. and in the further future, even moderate estimates of climate change mean that the sea will follow much of this area by the year 2100. it is probably no surprise that some of the most advanced hurricane research in the world is going on here at the university of miami. this is a hurricane simulator. it is a 23 metre long glass

tank filled with water and connected to an enormous fan, which means they can generate the strongest winds over water anywhere in the world. up there they can simulate a category 5 hurricane. a 1500 horsepower motor drives 65 metre per second winds, whipping up spray and smashing waves into whatever they put in the tank. the sensors in the tank measure how those waves behave and what they do to florida's buildings. because it is not so much the winds as the storm surge. the water driven inland by the storm that causes so much destruction and loss of life. in a hurricane, two metres of floodwater is accompanied with large waves on top of that,

and the wave loading is really dramatic. it is what we are talking about, with waves that are quite often breaking and coming and hitting the structure. it is an impulsive force but it is repeated, many times, during a storm. even if it is only an hour, that can really do dramatic damage. and what have you found so far? how can you build houses better now because of what you have found? one of the key things we have found in some recent measurements related to the structures directly, is that often, with decking, it is actually where the wave gets trapped underneath it. that is like an explosive uplift force. so you really have to look at how you engineer the attachments on things. 0k, we are about to go to full speed. ok, here comes the spray now.

understanding the forces on these models will help develop new guidelines on what support structures would help a building withstand the onslaught of a storm surge. so if somehow you were under the sea during a hurricane, this is what you would see. it is better than being on top, i can tell you that. have you ever been there when it is on category five, even in your christmas parties? no, we would not go in there, because there is not much to hold on to and in the back of it is is like a cheese slicer. so i don't really want to be turned into sausage or cheese. the team here aren'tjust trying to make stronger buildings. they are also testing ways of stopping the full force of the waves from getting to the land in the first place.

here, they are looking at the effect of the seawall on protecting the house. further out in the water, something you might not expect. a coral reef. we've actually been reading some global studies which show that wave energy is actually dissipated 97% on average, as waves hit a reef crest, and go towards shore. so they act like 97% efficient waves break? that's right, if it is a healthy reef with a reef crest. it doesn't look to me like there is that much coral there. and it doesn't come to the surface. does that really do a good job? it can, actually, yes. with the waves you have the kind of circular motion that happens at the top, it causes circular motion all the way down, in a little ellipsis. down to the seafloor. anything that disrupts that motion helps to slow down the wave.

the problem is thatjust when we need coral to protect from climate change, climate change is killing coral. although coral, much like the trees in the rainforest, are the possible habitat builders of the ecosystem, it you lose the corals, just like if you lose the trees in the rainforest, you end up with no ecosystem. the corals building that habitat are very thermally sensitive. they are some of the most climate change sensitive species on the planet. the reason they are so sensitive to climate change is because they are very vulnerable to small changes in temperature. an unusually hot summer causes a coral to turn white, in a process we call coral bleaching. that process of turning white is a process whereby this symbiosis between the coral animal and this tiny single cell plant that lives inside its tissue, that's an biosis breaks down that symbiosis breaks down

and the coral spits out its energy, turns white, and unless it can somehow recover those allergy it will die. it starves, from lack of food. andrew baker has spent the last 25 years trying to create coral that is more resistant to increasing temperatures. we have found over the years that by gently bleaching corals deliberately in the laboratory we can encourage them to change their symbiotes in favour of this thermally tolerant types. just now we are starting for the first time this pilot experiment of doing this out in nature, in the field, in reefs off miami, where it is what we are calling stress hardening these corals, encouraging them to change their algae in favour of the tolerant ones that will help them to resist bleaching and hopefully persist into the future. so beautiful, isn't it? and while they are working towards growing more resilient coral here in miami, there are of course projects going on across the globe to protect the coral we already have.

nick kwek went to see one such project at the most famous coral reef in the world. the great barrier reef, australia, wonder of the world. earth's largest living thing, sprawling 1600 miles. but this paradise could soon be lost at the hands of a very surprising vandal. crown of thorns starfish eat coral, and although they are found here naturally, recently too many have been pouring in at once due to major weather events and ocean pollution. you would think a starfish would be a cute, gorgeous thing you would see on the great barrier reef. the crown of thorns starfish, not so much. they are spiky, ugly, they can have up to 20 or 30 arms. the biggest issue with crown of thorns starfish is that they can eat up to one metre of coral per day. when they are in plague proportions, they can absolutely desolate a reef. to the rescue, the ranger bots.

these underwater drones autonomously scoured the reef starfish and prick them with a deadly dose of salt. the bots use an algorithm to identify starfish and then target them. their developers say they are 99.4% accurate. and they get smarter with time. traditionally, divers have monitored the reef by going out and doing a visual check. they record their findings on a slate. something time consuming, not to mention expensive. they can only be in the water for up to three or four hours a day. they can't dive at night. whereas the ranger bot has the capacity to be in the water for eight hours a day. it can dive at night. it also doesn't have some of the human failings that we know we have, where we see and miss

things as we are getting dragged along under the water. working around the clock could make a big difference too. evidence suggests the thorny carnivores come out more at night. the newer bots have lights, so their cameras can still see once the sun goes down. so inside these things you have got inertial sensors, pressure sensors, a gps so it knows where it is going. and it also has two make computers working simultaneously. one to process the images and want to know where it is going and understand the navigation route. the game changer is these six thrusters, which allow it to go forward, backwards, up, down, leftand right, it also side to side, so when it spots the crown of thorns starfish it doesn't need to do a big loop the loop, it can just stop and zap them where they are. the bots are team players, too. the beauty of having this is that if we have multiple vehicles we put them here, we send them off in all directions, they pop up 500 metres away and they already know how many they have seen.

so we say, ok, zero, zero, zero, ten. that is our focus area. within 20 minutes we know roughly where we should be focusing our efforts. we will never outcompete a human and we are not trying to outcompete a human, but if we can give them the tools to extend their operational capability, that is a goal. constantly patrolling the reef, the rangers can also monitor water quality, measure coral bleaching and map the deep blue like never before. one of the issues we have about the great barrier reef is that it is so big we only know a fraction of what is going on under the water. without that information it makes it difficult for marine park managers to have a true understanding of what is going on, and where they need to direct that time, management, resources and people. but they are still weather dependent. too strong a current, and the poor little ranger can be thrown violently off course.

for all their ingenuity, isn't the relatively small work being done by these botsjust a drop in the ocean? the great barrier reef is facing many threats. there isn't going to be a silver bullet solution. but the ranger bot isjust one step in that part we can take in terms of trying to make sure that we can look after the great barrier reef on a local level while the world gets its act together on climate change. that was nick in queensland. that is all from our sustainability special from babcock ranch here in florida. we are staying in the united states for another week. next week we fly up to boston, home of mit, which always offers up plenty of very, very cool innovations. looking forward to that. in the meantime, we live on twitter. thank you for watching, and we will see you soon. if you are a fan of warm, dry and

sunny weather, you will be pleased to hear we are in for a glorious weekend. if you were hoping for some rainfor weekend. if you were hoping for some rain for the garden, most of us won't see it. rain for the highlands, northern isles. elsewhere temperatures getting up to between 70 to 24 degrees. high cloud so hazy sunshine. it will go round into the evening. things looked dry overnight tonight. temperatures not as low as recent days. still reasonably fresh start on sunday. not too uncomfortable. sunday another fine day. dry, more sunshine than today. still a little bit of high cloud.

temperatures a few degrees celsius warmer than today. highs in the region of 20 to 25 degrees will stop cooler around some coasts with sea breeze is developing and cloud for parts of east anglia and the south—east. temperatures rising, 30 degrees next week. goodbye. this is bbc news. i'm shaun ley. the headlines at one. anti—brexit campaigners are preparing to march through london to demand a vote on the final deal on the uk's departure from the eu. as from people here, but it is not yet. senior cabinet ministers stress the uk is still prepared to walk away from brexit talks without a deal. the prime minister has always said that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed and that no deal would be better than a bad deal.

and i think it is essential, as we enter the next phase of the negotiations, that the european union understands that and believes it. president erdogan of turkey makes a final appeal for votes ahead of tomorrow's elections, in which he's facing a strong challenge.